Hamlet by William Shakespeare, c 1599 and 1601

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Hamlet by William Shakespeare, c 1599 and 1601, Introduction

Hamlet by William Shakespeare

Edited by Barbara A. Mowat and Paul Werstine

  with Michael Poston and Rebecca Niles

Folger Shakespeare Library

Characters in the Play

======================

THE GHOST

HAMLET, Prince of Denmark, son of the late King Hamlet and Queen Gertrude

QUEEN GERTRUDE, widow of King Hamlet, now married to Claudius

KING CLAUDIUS, brother to the late King Hamlet

OPHELIA

LAERTES, her brother

POLONIUS, father of Ophelia and Laertes, councillor to King Claudius

REYNALDO, servant to Polonius

HORATIO, Hamlet's friend and confidant

Courtiers at the Danish court:

  VOLTEMAND

  CORNELIUS

  ROSENCRANTZ

  GUILDENSTERN

  OSRIC

  Gentlemen

  A Lord

Danish soldiers:

  FRANCISCO

  BARNARDO

  MARCELLUS

FORTINBRAS, Prince of Norway

A Captain in Fortinbras's army

Ambassadors to Denmark from England

Players who take the roles of Prologue, Player King, Player Queen, and Lucianus in <title>The Murder of Gonzago</title>

Two Messengers

Sailors

Gravedigger

Gravedigger's companion

Doctor of Divinity

Attendants, Lords, Guards, Musicians, Laertes's Followers, Soldiers, Officers

ACT 1

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Scene 1

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[Enter Barnardo and Francisco, two sentinels.]

BARNARDO  Who's there?

FRANCISCO

Nay, answer me. Stand and unfold yourself.

BARNARDO  Long live the King!

FRANCISCO  Barnardo?

BARNARDO  He.

FRANCISCO

You come most carefully upon your hour.

BARNARDO

'Tis now struck twelve. Get thee to bed, Francisco.

FRANCISCO

For this relief much thanks. 'Tis bitter cold,

And I am sick at heart.

BARNARDO  Have you had quiet guard?

FRANCISCO  Not a mouse stirring.

BARNARDO  Well, good night.

If you do meet Horatio and Marcellus,

The rivals of my watch, bid them make haste.

[Enter Horatio and Marcellus.]

FRANCISCO

I think I hear them.--Stand ho! Who is there?

HORATIO  Friends to this ground.

MARCELLUS  And liegemen to the Dane.

FRANCISCO  Give you good night.

MARCELLUS

O farewell, honest soldier. Who hath relieved

you?

FRANCISCO

Barnardo hath my place. Give you good night.

[Francisco exits.]

MARCELLUS  Holla, Barnardo.

BARNARDO  Say, what, is Horatio there?

HORATIO  A piece of him.

BARNARDO

Welcome, Horatio.--Welcome, good Marcellus.

HORATIO

What, has this thing appeared again tonight?

BARNARDO  I have seen nothing.

MARCELLUS

Horatio says 'tis but our fantasy

And will not let belief take hold of him

Touching this dreaded sight twice seen of us.

Therefore I have entreated him along

With us to watch the minutes of this night,

That, if again this apparition come,

He may approve our eyes and speak to it.

HORATIO

Tush, tush, 'twill not appear.

BARNARDO  Sit down awhile,

And let us once again assail your ears,

That are so fortified against our story,

What we have two nights seen.

HORATIO  Well, sit we down,

And let us hear Barnardo speak of this.

BARNARDO  Last night of all,

When yond same star that's westward from the pole

Had made his course t' illume that part of heaven

Where now it burns, Marcellus and myself,

The bell then beating one--

[Enter Ghost.]

MARCELLUS

Peace, break thee off! Look where it comes again.

BARNARDO

In the same figure like the King that's dead.

MARCELLUS, [to Horatio]

Thou art a scholar. Speak to it, Horatio.

BARNARDO

Looks he not like the King? Mark it, Horatio.

HORATIO

Most like. It harrows me with fear and wonder.

BARNARDO

It would be spoke to.

MARCELLUS  Speak to it, Horatio.

HORATIO

What art thou that usurp'st this time of night,

Together with that fair and warlike form

In which the majesty of buried Denmark

Did sometimes march? By heaven, I charge thee,

speak.

MARCELLUS

It is offended.

BARNARDO  See, it stalks away.

HORATIO

Stay! speak! speak! I charge thee, speak!

[Ghost exits.]

MARCELLUS  'Tis gone and will not answer.

BARNARDO

How now, Horatio, you tremble and look pale.

Is not this something more than fantasy?

What think you on 't?

HORATIO

Before my God, I might not this believe

Without the sensible and true avouch

Of mine own eyes.

MARCELLUS  Is it not like the King?

HORATIO  As thou art to thyself.

Such was the very armor he had on

When he the ambitious Norway combated.

So frowned he once when, in an angry parle,

He smote the sledded Polacks on the ice.

'Tis strange.

MARCELLUS

Thus twice before, and jump at this dead hour,

With martial stalk hath he gone by our watch.

HORATIO

In what particular thought to work I know not,

But in the gross and scope of mine opinion

This bodes some strange eruption to our state.

MARCELLUS

Good now, sit down, and tell me, he that knows,

Why this same strict and most observant watch

So nightly toils the subject of the land,

And why such daily cast of brazen cannon

And foreign mart for implements of war,

Why such impress of shipwrights, whose sore task

Does not divide the Sunday from the week.

What might be toward that this sweaty haste

Doth make the night joint laborer with the day?

Who is 't that can inform me?

HORATIO  That can I.

At least the whisper goes so: our last king,

Whose image even but now appeared to us,

Was, as you know, by Fortinbras of Norway,

Thereto pricked on by a most emulate pride,

Dared to the combat; in which our valiant Hamlet

(For so this side of our known world esteemed him)

Did slay this Fortinbras, who by a sealed compact,

Well ratified by law and heraldry,

Did forfeit, with his life, all those his lands

Which he stood seized of, to the conqueror.

Against the which a moiety competent

Was gaged by our king, which had returned

To the inheritance of Fortinbras

Had he been vanquisher, as, by the same comart

And carriage of the article designed,

His fell to Hamlet. Now, sir, young Fortinbras,

Of unimproved mettle hot and full,

Hath in the skirts of Norway here and there

Sharked up a list of lawless resolutes

For food and diet to some enterprise

That hath a stomach in 't; which is no other

(As it doth well appear unto our state)

But to recover of us, by strong hand

And terms compulsatory, those foresaid lands

So by his father lost. And this, I take it,

Is the main motive of our preparations,

The source of this our watch, and the chief head

Of this posthaste and rummage in the land.

BARNARDO

I think it be no other but e'en so.

Well may it sort that this portentous figure

Comes armed through our watch so like the king

That was and is the question of these wars.

HORATIO

A mote it is to trouble the mind's eye.

In the most high and palmy state of Rome,

A little ere the mightiest Julius fell,

The graves stood tenantless, and the sheeted dead

Did squeak and gibber in the Roman streets;

As stars with trains of fire and dews of blood,

Disasters in the sun; and the moist star,

Upon whose influence Neptune's empire stands,

Was sick almost to doomsday with eclipse.

And even the like precurse of feared events,

As harbingers preceding still the fates

And prologue to the omen coming on,

Have heaven and Earth together demonstrated

Unto our climatures and countrymen.

[Enter Ghost.]

But soft, behold! Lo, where it comes again!

I'll cross it though it blast me.--Stay, illusion!

[It spreads his arms.]

If thou hast any sound or use of voice,

Speak to me.

If there be any good thing to be done

That may to thee do ease and grace to me,

Speak to me.

If thou art privy to thy country's fate,

Which happily foreknowing may avoid,

O, speak!

Or if thou hast uphoarded in thy life

Extorted treasure in the womb of earth,

For which, they say, you spirits oft walk in death,

Speak of it. [The cock crows.]

Stay and speak!--Stop it, Marcellus.

MARCELLUS

Shall I strike it with my partisan?

HORATIO  Do, if it will not stand.

BARNARDO  'Tis here.

HORATIO  'Tis here.

[Ghost exits.]

MARCELLUS  'Tis gone.

We do it wrong, being so majestical,

To offer it the show of violence,

For it is as the air, invulnerable,

And our vain blows malicious mockery.

BARNARDO

It was about to speak when the cock crew.

HORATIO

And then it started like a guilty thing

Upon a fearful summons. I have heard

The cock, that is the trumpet to the morn,

Doth with his lofty and shrill-sounding throat

Awake the god of day, and at his warning,

Whether in sea or fire, in earth or air,

Th' extravagant and erring spirit hies

To his confine, and of the truth herein

This present object made probation.

MARCELLUS

It faded on the crowing of the cock.

Some say that ever 'gainst that season comes

Wherein our Savior's birth is celebrated,

This bird of dawning singeth all night long;

And then, they say, no spirit dare stir abroad,

The nights are wholesome; then no planets strike,

No fairy takes, nor witch hath power to charm,

So hallowed and so gracious is that time.

HORATIO

So have I heard and do in part believe it.

But look, the morn in russet mantle clad

Walks o'er the dew of yon high eastward hill.

Break we our watch up, and by my advice

Let us impart what we have seen tonight

Unto young Hamlet; for, upon my life,

This spirit, dumb to us, will speak to him.

Do you consent we shall acquaint him with it

As needful in our loves, fitting our duty?

MARCELLUS

Let's do 't, I pray, and I this morning know

Where we shall find him most convenient.

[They exit.]

Scene 2

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[Flourish. Enter Claudius, King of Denmark, Gertrude the

Queen, the Council, as Polonius, and his son Laertes,

Hamlet, with others, among them Voltemand and

Cornelius.]

KING

Though yet of Hamlet our dear brother's death

The memory be green, and that it us befitted

To bear our hearts in grief, and our whole kingdom

To be contracted in one brow of woe,

Yet so far hath discretion fought with nature

That we with wisest sorrow think on him

Together with remembrance of ourselves.

Therefore our sometime sister, now our queen,

Th' imperial jointress to this warlike state,

Have we (as 'twere with a defeated joy,

With an auspicious and a dropping eye,

With mirth in funeral and with dirge in marriage,

In equal scale weighing delight and dole)

Taken to wife. Nor have we herein barred

Your better wisdoms, which have freely gone

With this affair along. For all, our thanks.

Now follows that you know. Young Fortinbras,

Holding a weak supposal of our worth

Or thinking by our late dear brother's death

Our state to be disjoint and out of frame,

Colleagued with this dream of his advantage,

He hath not failed to pester us with message

Importing the surrender of those lands

Lost by his father, with all bonds of law,

To our most valiant brother--so much for him.

Now for ourself and for this time of meeting.

Thus much the business is: we have here writ

To Norway, uncle of young Fortinbras,

Who, impotent and bedrid, scarcely hears

Of this his nephew's purpose, to suppress

His further gait herein, in that the levies,

The lists, and full proportions are all made

Out of his subject; and we here dispatch

You, good Cornelius, and you, Voltemand,

For bearers of this greeting to old Norway,

Giving to you no further personal power

To business with the King more than the scope

Of these dilated articles allow.

[Giving them a paper.]

Farewell, and let your haste commend your duty.

CORNELIUS/VOLTEMAND

In that and all things will we show our duty.

KING

We doubt it nothing. Heartily farewell.

[Voltemand and Cornelius exit.]

And now, Laertes, what's the news with you?

You told us of some suit. What is 't, Laertes?

You cannot speak of reason to the Dane

And lose your voice. What wouldst thou beg,

Laertes,

That shall not be my offer, not thy asking?

The head is not more native to the heart,

The hand more instrumental to the mouth,

Than is the throne of Denmark to thy father.

What wouldst thou have, Laertes?

LAERTES  My dread lord,

Your leave and favor to return to France,

From whence though willingly I came to Denmark

To show my duty in your coronation,

Yet now I must confess, that duty done,

My thoughts and wishes bend again toward France

And bow them to your gracious leave and pardon.

KING

Have you your father's leave? What says Polonius?

POLONIUS

Hath, my lord, wrung from me my slow leave

By laborsome petition, and at last

Upon his will I sealed my hard consent.

I do beseech you give him leave to go.

KING

Take thy fair hour, Laertes. Time be thine,

And thy best graces spend it at thy will.--

But now, my cousin Hamlet and my son--

HAMLET, [aside]

A little more than kin and less than kind.

KING

How is it that the clouds still hang on you?

HAMLET

Not so, my lord; I am too much in the sun.

QUEEN

Good Hamlet, cast thy nighted color off,

And let thine eye look like a friend on Denmark.

Do not forever with thy vailed lids

Seek for thy noble father in the dust.

Thou know'st 'tis common; all that lives must die,

Passing through nature to eternity.

HAMLET

Ay, madam, it is common.

QUEEN  If it be,

Why seems it so particular with thee?

HAMLET

"Seems," madam? Nay, it is. I know not "seems."

'Tis not alone my inky cloak, good mother,

Nor customary suits of solemn black,

Nor windy suspiration of forced breath,

No, nor the fruitful river in the eye,

Nor the dejected havior of the visage,

Together with all forms, moods, shapes of grief,

That can denote me truly. These indeed "seem,"

For they are actions that a man might play;

But I have that within which passes show,

These but the trappings and the suits of woe.

KING

'Tis sweet and commendable in your nature,

Hamlet,

To give these mourning duties to your father.

But you must know your father lost a father,

That father lost, lost his, and the survivor bound

In filial obligation for some term

To do obsequious sorrow. But to persever

In obstinate condolement is a course

Of impious stubbornness. 'Tis unmanly grief.

It shows a will most incorrect to heaven,

A heart unfortified, a mind impatient,

An understanding simple and unschooled.

For what we know must be and is as common

As any the most vulgar thing to sense,

Why should we in our peevish opposition

Take it to heart? Fie, 'tis a fault to heaven,

A fault against the dead, a fault to nature,

To reason most absurd, whose common theme

Is death of fathers, and who still hath cried,

From the first corse till he that died today,

"This must be so." We pray you, throw to earth

This unprevailing woe and think of us

As of a father; for let the world take note,

You are the most immediate to our throne,

And with no less nobility of love

Than that which dearest father bears his son

Do I impart toward you. For your intent

In going back to school in Wittenberg,

It is most retrograde to our desire,

And we beseech you, bend you to remain

Here in the cheer and comfort of our eye,

Our chiefest courtier, cousin, and our son.

QUEEN

Let not thy mother lose her prayers, Hamlet.

I pray thee, stay with us. Go not to Wittenberg.

HAMLET

I shall in all my best obey you, madam.

KING

Why, 'tis a loving and a fair reply.

Be as ourself in Denmark.--Madam, come.

This gentle and unforced accord of Hamlet

Sits smiling to my heart, in grace whereof

No jocund health that Denmark drinks today

But the great cannon to the clouds shall tell,

And the King's rouse the heaven shall bruit again,

Respeaking earthly thunder. Come away.

[Flourish. All but Hamlet exit.]

HAMLET

O, that this too, too sullied flesh would melt,

Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew,

Or that the Everlasting had not fixed

His canon 'gainst self-slaughter! O God, God,

How weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable

Seem to me all the uses of this world!

Fie on 't, ah fie! 'Tis an unweeded garden

That grows to seed. Things rank and gross in nature

Possess it merely. That it should come to this:

But two months dead--nay, not so much, not two.

So excellent a king, that was to this

Hyperion to a satyr; so loving to my mother

That he might not beteem the winds of heaven

Visit her face too roughly. Heaven and Earth,

Must I remember? Why, she would hang on him

As if increase of appetite had grown

By what it fed on. And yet, within a month

(Let me not think on 't; frailty, thy name is woman!),

A little month, or ere those shoes were old

With which she followed my poor father's body,

Like Niobe, all tears--why she, even she

(O God, a beast that wants discourse of reason

Would have mourned longer!), married with my

uncle,

My father's brother, but no more like my father

Than I to Hercules. Within a month,

Ere yet the salt of most unrighteous tears

Had left the flushing in her galled eyes,

She married. O, most wicked speed, to post

With such dexterity to incestuous sheets!

It is not, nor it cannot come to good.

But break, my heart, for I must hold my tongue.

[Enter Horatio, Marcellus, and Barnardo.]

HORATIO  Hail to your Lordship.

HAMLET  I am glad to see you well.

Horatio--or I do forget myself!

HORATIO

The same, my lord, and your poor servant ever.

HAMLET

Sir, my good friend. I'll change that name with you.

And what make you from Wittenberg, Horatio?--

Marcellus?

MARCELLUS  My good lord.

HAMLET

I am very glad to see you. [To Barnardo.] Good

even, sir.--

But what, in faith, make you from Wittenberg?

HORATIO

A truant disposition, good my lord.

HAMLET

I would not hear your enemy say so,

Nor shall you do my ear that violence

To make it truster of your own report

Against yourself. I know you are no truant.

But what is your affair in Elsinore?

We'll teach you to drink deep ere you depart.

HORATIO

My lord, I came to see your father's funeral.

HAMLET

I prithee, do not mock me, fellow student.

I think it was to see my mother's wedding.

HORATIO

Indeed, my lord, it followed hard upon.

HAMLET

Thrift, thrift, Horatio. The funeral baked meats

Did coldly furnish forth the marriage tables.

Would I had met my dearest foe in heaven

Or ever I had seen that day, Horatio!

My father--methinks I see my father.

HORATIO

Where, my lord?

HAMLET  In my mind's eye, Horatio.

HORATIO

I saw him once. He was a goodly king.

HAMLET

He was a man. Take him for all in all,

I shall not look upon his like again.

HORATIO

My lord, I think I saw him yesternight.

HAMLET  Saw who?

HORATIO

My lord, the King your father.

HAMLET  The King my father?

HORATIO

Season your admiration for a while

With an attent ear, till I may deliver

Upon the witness of these gentlemen

This marvel to you.

HAMLET  For God's love, let me hear!

HORATIO

Two nights together had these gentlemen,

Marcellus and Barnardo, on their watch,

In the dead waste and middle of the night,

Been thus encountered: a figure like your father,

Armed at point exactly, cap-a-pie,

Appears before them and with solemn march

Goes slow and stately by them. Thrice he walked

By their oppressed and fear-surprised eyes

Within his truncheon's length, whilst they, distilled

Almost to jelly with the act of fear,

Stand dumb and speak not to him. This to me

In dreadful secrecy impart they did,

And I with them the third night kept the watch,

Where, as they had delivered, both in time,

Form of the thing (each word made true and good),

The apparition comes. I knew your father;

These hands are not more like.

HAMLET  But where was this?

MARCELLUS

My lord, upon the platform where we watch.

HAMLET

Did you not speak to it?

HORATIO  My lord, I did,

But answer made it none. Yet once methought

It lifted up its head and did address

Itself to motion, like as it would speak;

But even then the morning cock crew loud,

And at the sound it shrunk in haste away

And vanished from our sight.

HAMLET  'Tis very strange.

HORATIO

As I do live, my honored lord, 'tis true.

And we did think it writ down in our duty

To let you know of it.

HAMLET  Indeed, sirs, but this troubles me.

Hold you the watch tonight?

ALL  We do, my lord.

HAMLET

Armed, say you?

ALL  Armed, my lord.

HAMLET  From top to toe?

ALL  My lord, from head to foot.

HAMLET  Then saw you not his face?

HORATIO

O, yes, my lord, he wore his beaver up.

HAMLET  What, looked he frowningly?

HORATIO

A countenance more in sorrow than in anger.

HAMLET  Pale or red?

HORATIO

Nay, very pale.

HAMLET  And fixed his eyes upon you?

HORATIO

Most constantly.

HAMLET  I would I had been there.

HORATIO  It would have much amazed you.

HAMLET  Very like. Stayed it long?

HORATIO

While one with moderate haste might tell a

hundred.

BARNARDO/MARCELLUS  Longer, longer.

HORATIO

Not when I saw 't.

HAMLET  His beard was grizzled, no?

HORATIO

It was as I have seen it in his life,

A sable silvered.

HAMLET  I will watch tonight.

Perchance 'twill walk again.

HORATIO  I warrant it will.

HAMLET

If it assume my noble father's person,

I'll speak to it, though hell itself should gape

And bid me hold my peace. I pray you all,

If you have hitherto concealed this sight,

Let it be tenable in your silence still;

And whatsomever else shall hap tonight,

Give it an understanding but no tongue.

I will requite your loves. So fare you well.

Upon the platform, 'twixt eleven and twelve,

I'll visit you.

ALL  Our duty to your Honor.

HAMLET

Your loves, as mine to you. Farewell.

[All but Hamlet exit.]

My father's spirit--in arms! All is not well.

I doubt some foul play. Would the night were come!

Till then, sit still, my soul. Foul deeds will rise,

Though all the earth o'erwhelm them, to men's

eyes.

[He exits.]

Scene 3

=======

[Enter Laertes and Ophelia, his sister.]

LAERTES

My necessaries are embarked. Farewell.

And, sister, as the winds give benefit

And convey is assistant, do not sleep,

But let me hear from you.

OPHELIA  Do you doubt that?

LAERTES

For Hamlet, and the trifling of his favor,

Hold it a fashion and a toy in blood,

A violet in the youth of primy nature,

Forward, not permanent, sweet, not lasting,

The perfume and suppliance of a minute,

No more.

OPHELIA  No more but so?

LAERTES  Think it no more.

For nature, crescent, does not grow alone

In thews and bulk, but, as this temple waxes,

The inward service of the mind and soul

Grows wide withal. Perhaps he loves you now,

And now no soil nor cautel doth besmirch

The virtue of his will; but you must fear,

His greatness weighed, his will is not his own,

For he himself is subject to his birth.

He may not, as unvalued persons do,

Carve for himself, for on his choice depends

The safety and the health of this whole state.

And therefore must his choice be circumscribed

Unto the voice and yielding of that body

Whereof he is the head. Then, if he says he loves

you,

It fits your wisdom so far to believe it

As he in his particular act and place

May give his saying deed, which is no further

Than the main voice of Denmark goes withal.

Then weigh what loss your honor may sustain

If with too credent ear you list his songs

Or lose your heart or your chaste treasure open

To his unmastered importunity.

Fear it, Ophelia; fear it, my dear sister,

And keep you in the rear of your affection,

Out of the shot and danger of desire.

The chariest maid is prodigal enough

If she unmask her beauty to the moon.

Virtue itself 'scapes not calumnious strokes.

The canker galls the infants of the spring

Too oft before their buttons be disclosed,

And, in the morn and liquid dew of youth,

Contagious blastments are most imminent.

Be wary, then; best safety lies in fear.

Youth to itself rebels, though none else near.

OPHELIA

I shall the effect of this good lesson keep

As watchman to my heart. But, good my brother,

Do not, as some ungracious pastors do,

Show me the steep and thorny way to heaven,

Whiles, like a puffed and reckless libertine,

Himself the primrose path of dalliance treads

And recks not his own rede.

LAERTES  O, fear me not.

[Enter Polonius.]

I stay too long. But here my father comes.

A double blessing is a double grace.

Occasion smiles upon a second leave.

POLONIUS

Yet here, Laertes? Aboard, aboard, for shame!

The wind sits in the shoulder of your sail,

And you are stayed for. There, my blessing with

thee.

And these few precepts in thy memory

Look thou character. Give thy thoughts no tongue,

Nor any unproportioned thought his act.

Be thou familiar, but by no means vulgar.

Those friends thou hast, and their adoption tried,

Grapple them unto thy soul with hoops of steel,

But do not dull thy palm with entertainment

Of each new-hatched, unfledged courage. Beware

Of entrance to a quarrel, but, being in,

Bear 't that th' opposed may beware of thee.

Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice.

Take each man's censure, but reserve thy judgment.

Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy,

But not expressed in fancy (rich, not gaudy),

For the apparel oft proclaims the man,

And they in France of the best rank and station

Are of a most select and generous chief in that.

Neither a borrower nor a lender be,

For loan oft loses both itself and friend,

And borrowing dulls the edge of husbandry.

This above all: to thine own self be true,

And it must follow, as the night the day,

Thou canst not then be false to any man.

Farewell. My blessing season this in thee.

LAERTES

Most humbly do I take my leave, my lord.

POLONIUS

The time invests you. Go, your servants tend.

LAERTES

Farewell, Ophelia, and remember well

What I have said to you.

OPHELIA  'Tis in my memory locked,

And you yourself shall keep the key of it.

LAERTES  Farewell. [Laertes exits.]

POLONIUS

What is 't, Ophelia, he hath said to you?

OPHELIA

So please you, something touching the Lord

Hamlet.

POLONIUS  Marry, well bethought.

'Tis told me he hath very oft of late

Given private time to you, and you yourself

Have of your audience been most free and

bounteous.

If it be so (as so 'tis put on me,

And that in way of caution), I must tell you

You do not understand yourself so clearly

As it behooves my daughter and your honor.

What is between you? Give me up the truth.

OPHELIA

He hath, my lord, of late made many tenders

Of his affection to me.

POLONIUS

Affection, puh! You speak like a green girl

Unsifted in such perilous circumstance.

Do you believe his "tenders," as you call them?

OPHELIA

I do not know, my lord, what I should think.

POLONIUS

Marry, I will teach you. Think yourself a baby

That you have ta'en these tenders for true pay,

Which are not sterling. Tender yourself more dearly,

Or (not to crack the wind of the poor phrase,

Running it thus) you'll tender me a fool.

OPHELIA

My lord, he hath importuned me with love

In honorable fashion--

POLONIUS

Ay, "fashion" you may call it. Go to, go to!

OPHELIA

And hath given countenance to his speech, my lord,

With almost all the holy vows of heaven.

POLONIUS

Ay, springes to catch woodcocks. I do know,

When the blood burns, how prodigal the soul

Lends the tongue vows. These blazes, daughter,

Giving more light than heat, extinct in both

Even in their promise as it is a-making,

You must not take for fire. From this time

Be something scanter of your maiden presence.

Set your entreatments at a higher rate

Than a command to parle. For Lord Hamlet,

Believe so much in him that he is young,

And with a larger tether may he walk

Than may be given you. In few, Ophelia,

Do not believe his vows, for they are brokers,

Not of that dye which their investments show,

But mere implorators of unholy suits,

Breathing like sanctified and pious bawds

The better to beguile. This is for all:

I would not, in plain terms, from this time forth

Have you so slander any moment leisure

As to give words or talk with the Lord Hamlet.

Look to 't, I charge you. Come your ways.

OPHELIA  I shall obey, my lord.

[They exit.]

Scene 4

=======

[Enter Hamlet, Horatio, and Marcellus.]

HAMLET

The air bites shrewdly; it is very cold.

HORATIO

It is a nipping and an eager air.

HAMLET  What hour now?

HORATIO  I think it lacks of twelve.

MARCELLUS  No, it is struck.

HORATIO

Indeed, I heard it not. It then draws near the season

Wherein the spirit held his wont to walk.

[A flourish of trumpets and two pieces goes off.]

What does this mean, my lord?

HAMLET

The King doth wake tonight and takes his rouse,

Keeps wassail, and the swagg'ring upspring reels;

And, as he drains his draughts of Rhenish down,

The kettledrum and trumpet thus bray out

The triumph of his pledge.

HORATIO  Is it a custom?

HAMLET  Ay, marry, is 't,

But, to my mind, though I am native here

And to the manner born, it is a custom

More honored in the breach than the observance.

This heavy-headed revel east and west

Makes us traduced and taxed of other nations.

They clepe us drunkards and with swinish phrase

Soil our addition. And, indeed, it takes

From our achievements, though performed at

height,

The pith and marrow of our attribute.

So oft it chances in particular men

That for some vicious mole of nature in them,

As in their birth (wherein they are not guilty,

Since nature cannot choose his origin),

By the o'ergrowth of some complexion

(Oft breaking down the pales and forts of reason),

Or by some habit that too much o'erleavens

The form of plausive manners--that these men,

Carrying, I say, the stamp of one defect,

Being nature's livery or fortune's star,

His virtues else, be they as pure as grace,

As infinite as man may undergo,

Shall in the general censure take corruption

From that particular fault. The dram of evil

Doth all the noble substance of a doubt

To his own scandal.

[Enter Ghost.]

HORATIO  Look, my lord, it comes.

HAMLET

Angels and ministers of grace, defend us!

Be thou a spirit of health or goblin damned,

Bring with thee airs from heaven or blasts from

hell,

Be thy intents wicked or charitable,

Thou com'st in such a questionable shape

That I will speak to thee. I'll call thee "Hamlet,"

"King," "Father," "Royal Dane." O, answer me!

Let me not burst in ignorance, but tell

Why thy canonized bones, hearsed in death,

Have burst their cerements; why the sepulcher,

Wherein we saw thee quietly interred,

Hath oped his ponderous and marble jaws

To cast thee up again. What may this mean

That thou, dead corse, again in complete steel,

Revisits thus the glimpses of the moon,

Making night hideous, and we fools of nature

So horridly to shake our disposition

With thoughts beyond the reaches of our souls?

Say, why is this? Wherefore? What should we do?

[Ghost beckons.]

HORATIO

It beckons you to go away with it

As if it some impartment did desire

To you alone.

MARCELLUS  Look with what courteous action

It waves you to a more removed ground.

But do not go with it.

HORATIO  No, by no means.

HAMLET

It will not speak. Then I will follow it.

HORATIO

Do not, my lord.

HAMLET  Why, what should be the fear?

I do not set my life at a pin's fee.

And for my soul, what can it do to that,

Being a thing immortal as itself?

It waves me forth again. I'll follow it.

HORATIO

What if it tempt you toward the flood, my lord?

Or to the dreadful summit of the cliff

That beetles o'er his base into the sea,

And there assume some other horrible form

Which might deprive your sovereignty of reason

And draw you into madness? Think of it.

The very place puts toys of desperation,

Without more motive, into every brain

That looks so many fathoms to the sea

And hears it roar beneath.

HAMLET

It waves me still.--Go on, I'll follow thee.

MARCELLUS

You shall not go, my lord. [They hold back Hamlet.]

HAMLET  Hold off your hands.

HORATIO

Be ruled. You shall not go.

HAMLET  My fate cries out

And makes each petty arture in this body

As hardy as the Nemean lion's nerve.

Still am I called. Unhand me, gentlemen.

By heaven, I'll make a ghost of him that lets me!

I say, away!--Go on. I'll follow thee.

[Ghost and Hamlet exit.]

HORATIO

He waxes desperate with imagination.

MARCELLUS

Let's follow. 'Tis not fit thus to obey him.

HORATIO

Have after. To what issue will this come?

MARCELLUS

Something is rotten in the state of Denmark.

HORATIO

Heaven will direct it.

MARCELLUS  Nay, let's follow him.

[They exit.]

Scene 5

=======

[Enter Ghost and Hamlet.]

HAMLET

Whither wilt thou lead me? Speak. I'll go no

further.

GHOST

Mark me.

HAMLET  I will.

GHOST  My hour is almost come

When I to sulf'rous and tormenting flames

Must render up myself.

HAMLET  Alas, poor ghost!

GHOST

Pity me not, but lend thy serious hearing

To what I shall unfold.

HAMLET  Speak. I am bound to hear.

GHOST

So art thou to revenge, when thou shalt hear.

HAMLET  What?

GHOST  I am thy father's spirit,

Doomed for a certain term to walk the night

And for the day confined to fast in fires

Till the foul crimes done in my days of nature

Are burnt and purged away. But that I am forbid

To tell the secrets of my prison house,

I could a tale unfold whose lightest word

Would harrow up thy soul, freeze thy young blood,

Make thy two eyes, like stars, start from their

spheres,

Thy knotted and combined locks to part,

And each particular hair to stand an end,

Like quills upon the fearful porpentine.

But this eternal blazon must not be

To ears of flesh and blood. List, list, O list!

If thou didst ever thy dear father love--

HAMLET  O God!

GHOST

Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder.

HAMLET  Murder?

GHOST

Murder most foul, as in the best it is,

But this most foul, strange, and unnatural.

HAMLET

Haste me to know 't, that I, with wings as swift

As meditation or the thoughts of love,

May sweep to my revenge.

GHOST  I find thee apt;

And duller shouldst thou be than the fat weed

That roots itself in ease on Lethe wharf,

Wouldst thou not stir in this. Now, Hamlet, hear.

'Tis given out that, sleeping in my orchard,

A serpent stung me. So the whole ear of Denmark

Is by a forged process of my death

Rankly abused. But know, thou noble youth,

The serpent that did sting thy father's life

Now wears his crown.

HAMLET  O, my prophetic soul! My uncle!

GHOST

Ay, that incestuous, that adulterate beast,

With witchcraft of his wits, with traitorous gifts--

O wicked wit and gifts, that have the power

So to seduce!--won to his shameful lust

The will of my most seeming-virtuous queen.

O Hamlet, what a falling off was there!

From me, whose love was of that dignity

That it went hand in hand even with the vow

I made to her in marriage, and to decline

Upon a wretch whose natural gifts were poor

To those of mine.

But virtue, as it never will be moved,

Though lewdness court it in a shape of heaven,

So, lust, though to a radiant angel linked,

Will sate itself in a celestial bed

And prey on garbage.

But soft, methinks I scent the morning air.

Brief let me be. Sleeping within my orchard,

My custom always of the afternoon,

Upon my secure hour thy uncle stole

With juice of cursed hebona in a vial

And in the porches of my ears did pour

The leprous distilment, whose effect

Holds such an enmity with blood of man

That swift as quicksilver it courses through

The natural gates and alleys of the body,

And with a sudden vigor it doth posset

And curd, like eager droppings into milk,

The thin and wholesome blood. So did it mine,

And a most instant tetter barked about,

Most lazar-like, with vile and loathsome crust

All my smooth body.

Thus was I, sleeping, by a brother's hand

Of life, of crown, of queen at once dispatched,

Cut off, even in the blossoms of my sin,

Unhouseled, disappointed, unaneled,

No reck'ning made, but sent to my account

With all my imperfections on my head.

O horrible, O horrible, most horrible!

If thou hast nature in thee, bear it not.

Let not the royal bed of Denmark be

A couch for luxury and damned incest.

But, howsomever thou pursues this act,

Taint not thy mind, nor let thy soul contrive

Against thy mother aught. Leave her to heaven

And to those thorns that in her bosom lodge

To prick and sting her. Fare thee well at once.

The glowworm shows the matin to be near

And 'gins to pale his uneffectual fire.

Adieu, adieu, adieu. Remember me. [He exits.]

HAMLET

O all you host of heaven! O Earth! What else?

And shall I couple hell? O fie! Hold, hold, my heart,

And you, my sinews, grow not instant old,

But bear me stiffly up. Remember thee?

Ay, thou poor ghost, whiles memory holds a seat

In this distracted globe. Remember thee?

Yea, from the table of my memory

I'll wipe away all trivial, fond records,

All saws of books, all forms, all pressures past,

That youth and observation copied there,

And thy commandment all alone shall live

Within the book and volume of my brain,

Unmixed with baser matter. Yes, by heaven!

O most pernicious woman!

O villain, villain, smiling, damned villain!

My tables--meet it is I set it down

That one may smile and smile and be a villain.

At least I am sure it may be so in Denmark.

[He writes.]

So, uncle, there you are. Now to my word.

It is "adieu, adieu, remember me."

I have sworn 't.

[Enter Horatio and Marcellus.]

HORATIO  My lord, my lord!

MARCELLUS  Lord Hamlet.

HORATIO  Heavens secure him!

HAMLET  So be it.

MARCELLUS  Illo, ho, ho, my lord!

HAMLET  Hillo, ho, ho, boy! Come, bird, come!

MARCELLUS

How is 't, my noble lord?

HORATIO  What news, my lord?

HAMLET  O, wonderful!

HORATIO

Good my lord, tell it.

HAMLET  No, you will reveal it.

HORATIO

Not I, my lord, by heaven.

MARCELLUS  Nor I, my lord.

HAMLET

How say you, then? Would heart of man once think

it?

But you'll be secret?

HORATIO/MARCELLUS   Ay, by heaven, my lord.

HAMLET

There's never a villain dwelling in all Denmark

But he's an arrant knave.

HORATIO

There needs no ghost, my lord, come from the grave

To tell us this.

HAMLET  Why, right, you are in the right.

And so, without more circumstance at all,

I hold it fit that we shake hands and part,

You, as your business and desire shall point you

(For every man hath business and desire,

Such as it is), and for my own poor part,

I will go pray.

HORATIO

These are but wild and whirling words, my lord.

HAMLET

I am sorry they offend you, heartily;

Yes, faith, heartily.

HORATIO  There's no offense, my lord.

HAMLET

Yes, by Saint Patrick, but there is, Horatio,

And much offense, too. Touching this vision here,

It is an honest ghost--that let me tell you.

For your desire to know what is between us,

O'ermaster 't as you may. And now, good friends,

As you are friends, scholars, and soldiers,

Give me one poor request.

HORATIO  What is 't, my lord? We will.

HAMLET

Never make known what you have seen tonight.

HORATIO/MARCELLUS   My lord, we will not.

HAMLET  Nay, but swear 't.

HORATIO  In faith, my lord, not I.

MARCELLUS  Nor I, my lord, in faith.

HAMLET

Upon my sword.

MARCELLUS  We have sworn, my lord, already.

HAMLET  Indeed, upon my sword, indeed.

GHOST [cries under the stage]  Swear.

HAMLET

Ha, ha, boy, sayst thou so? Art thou there,

truepenny?

Come on, you hear this fellow in the cellarage.

Consent to swear.

HORATIO  Propose the oath, my lord.

HAMLET

Never to speak of this that you have seen,

Swear by my sword.

GHOST, [beneath]  Swear.

HAMLET

Hic et ubique? Then we'll shift our ground.

Come hither, gentlemen,

And lay your hands again upon my sword.

Swear by my sword

Never to speak of this that you have heard.

GHOST, [beneath]  Swear by his sword.

HAMLET

Well said, old mole. Canst work i' th' earth so fast?--

A worthy pioner! Once more remove, good friends.

HORATIO

O day and night, but this is wondrous strange.

HAMLET

And therefore as a stranger give it welcome.

There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio,

Than are dreamt of in your philosophy. But come.

Here, as before, never, so help you mercy,

How strange or odd some'er I bear myself

(As I perchance hereafter shall think meet

To put an antic disposition on)

That you, at such times seeing me, never shall,

With arms encumbered thus, or this headshake,

Or by pronouncing of some doubtful phrase,

As "Well, well, we know," or "We could an if we

would,"

Or "If we list to speak," or "There be an if they

might,"

Or such ambiguous giving-out, to note

That you know aught of me--this do swear,

So grace and mercy at your most need help you.

GHOST, [beneath]  Swear.

HAMLET

Rest, rest, perturbed spirit.--So, gentlemen,

With all my love I do commend me to you,

And what so poor a man as Hamlet is

May do t' express his love and friending to you,

God willing, shall not lack. Let us go in together,

And still your fingers on your lips, I pray.

The time is out of joint. O cursed spite

That ever I was born to set it right!

Nay, come, let's go together.

[They exit.]

ACT 2

=====

Scene 1

=======

[Enter old Polonius with his man Reynaldo.]

POLONIUS

Give him this money and these notes, Reynaldo.

REYNALDO  I will, my lord.

POLONIUS

You shall do marvelous wisely, good Reynaldo,

Before you visit him, to make inquire

Of his behavior.

REYNALDO  My lord, I did intend it.

POLONIUS

Marry, well said, very well said. Look you, sir,

Inquire me first what Danskers are in Paris;

And how, and who, what means, and where they

keep,

What company, at what expense; and finding

By this encompassment and drift of question

That they do know my son, come you more nearer

Than your particular demands will touch it.

Take you, as 'twere, some distant knowledge of him,

As thus: "I know his father and his friends

And, in part, him." Do you mark this, Reynaldo?

REYNALDO  Ay, very well, my lord.

POLONIUS

"And, in part, him, but," you may say, "not well.

But if 't be he I mean, he's very wild,

Addicted so and so." And there put on him

What forgeries you please--marry, none so rank

As may dishonor him, take heed of that,

But, sir, such wanton, wild, and usual slips

As are companions noted and most known

To youth and liberty.

REYNALDO  As gaming, my lord.

POLONIUS  Ay, or drinking, fencing, swearing,

Quarreling, drabbing--you may go so far.

REYNALDO  My lord, that would dishonor him.

POLONIUS

Faith, no, as you may season it in the charge.

You must not put another scandal on him

That he is open to incontinency;

That's not my meaning. But breathe his faults so

quaintly

That they may seem the taints of liberty,

The flash and outbreak of a fiery mind,

A savageness in unreclaimed blood,

Of general assault.

REYNALDO  But, my good lord--

POLONIUS  Wherefore should you do this?

REYNALDO  Ay, my lord, I would know that.

POLONIUS  Marry, sir, here's my drift,

And I believe it is a fetch of wit.

You, laying these slight sullies on my son,

As 'twere a thing a little soiled i' th' working,

Mark you, your party in converse, him you would

sound,

Having ever seen in the prenominate crimes

The youth you breathe of guilty, be assured

He closes with you in this consequence:

"Good sir," or so, or "friend," or "gentleman,"

According to the phrase or the addition

Of man and country--

REYNALDO  Very good, my lord.

POLONIUS  And then, sir, does he this, he does--what

was I about to say? By the Mass, I was about to say

something. Where did I leave?

REYNALDO  At "closes in the consequence," at "friend,

or so," and "gentleman."

POLONIUS

At "closes in the consequence"--ay, marry--

He closes thus: "I know the gentleman.

I saw him yesterday," or "th' other day"

(Or then, or then, with such or such), "and as you

say,

There was he gaming, there o'ertook in 's rouse,

There falling out at tennis"; or perchance

"I saw him enter such a house of sale"--

Videlicet, a brothel--or so forth. See you now

Your bait of falsehood take this carp of truth;

And thus do we of wisdom and of reach,

With windlasses and with assays of bias,

By indirections find directions out.

So by my former lecture and advice

Shall you my son. You have me, have you not?

REYNALDO

My lord, I have.

POLONIUS  God be wi' you. Fare you well.

REYNALDO  Good my lord.

POLONIUS

Observe his inclination in yourself.

REYNALDO  I shall, my lord.

POLONIUS  And let him ply his music.

REYNALDO  Well, my lord.

POLONIUS

Farewell. [Reynaldo exits.]

[Enter Ophelia.]

How now, Ophelia, what's the matter?

OPHELIA

O, my lord, my lord, I have been so affrighted!

POLONIUS  With what, i' th' name of God?

OPHELIA

My lord, as I was sewing in my closet,

Lord Hamlet, with his doublet all unbraced,

No hat upon his head, his stockings fouled,

Ungartered, and down-gyved to his ankle,

Pale as his shirt, his knees knocking each other,

And with a look so piteous in purport

As if he had been loosed out of hell

To speak of horrors--he comes before me.

POLONIUS

Mad for thy love?

OPHELIA  My lord, I do not know,

But truly I do fear it.

POLONIUS  What said he?

OPHELIA

He took me by the wrist and held me hard.

Then goes he to the length of all his arm,

And, with his other hand thus o'er his brow,

He falls to such perusal of my face

As he would draw it. Long stayed he so.

At last, a little shaking of mine arm,

And thrice his head thus waving up and down,

He raised a sigh so piteous and profound

As it did seem to shatter all his bulk

And end his being. That done, he lets me go,

And, with his head over his shoulder turned,

He seemed to find his way without his eyes,

For out o' doors he went without their helps

And to the last bended their light on me.

POLONIUS

Come, go with me. I will go seek the King.

This is the very ecstasy of love,

Whose violent property fordoes itself

And leads the will to desperate undertakings

As oft as any passions under heaven

That does afflict our natures. I am sorry.

What, have you given him any hard words of late?

OPHELIA

No, my good lord, but as you did command

I did repel his letters and denied

His access to me.

POLONIUS  That hath made him mad.

I am sorry that with better heed and judgment

I had not coted him. I feared he did but trifle

And meant to wrack thee. But beshrew my jealousy!

By heaven, it is as proper to our age

To cast beyond ourselves in our opinions

As it is common for the younger sort

To lack discretion. Come, go we to the King.

This must be known, which, being kept close, might

move

More grief to hide than hate to utter love.

Come.

[They exit.]

Scene 2

=======

[Flourish. Enter King and Queen, Rosencrantz and

Guildenstern and Attendants.]

KING

Welcome, dear Rosencrantz and Guildenstern.

Moreover that we much did long to see you,

The need we have to use you did provoke

Our hasty sending. Something have you heard

Of Hamlet's transformation, so call it,

Sith nor th' exterior nor the inward man

Resembles that it was. What it should be,

More than his father's death, that thus hath put him

So much from th' understanding of himself

I cannot dream of. I entreat you both

That, being of so young days brought up with him

And sith so neighbored to his youth and havior,

That you vouchsafe your rest here in our court

Some little time, so by your companies

To draw him on to pleasures, and to gather

So much as from occasion you may glean,

Whether aught to us unknown afflicts him thus

That, opened, lies within our remedy.

QUEEN

Good gentlemen, he hath much talked of you,

And sure I am two men there is not living

To whom he more adheres. If it will please you

To show us so much gentry and goodwill

As to expend your time with us awhile

For the supply and profit of our hope,

Your visitation shall receive such thanks

As fits a king's remembrance.

ROSENCRANTZ  Both your Majesties

Might, by the sovereign power you have of us,

Put your dread pleasures more into command

Than to entreaty.

GUILDENSTERN  But we both obey,

And here give up ourselves in the full bent

To lay our service freely at your feet,

To be commanded.

KING

Thanks, Rosencrantz and gentle Guildenstern.

QUEEN

Thanks, Guildenstern and gentle Rosencrantz.

And I beseech you instantly to visit

My too much changed son.--Go, some of you,

And bring these gentlemen where Hamlet is.

GUILDENSTERN

Heavens make our presence and our practices

Pleasant and helpful to him!

QUEEN  Ay, amen!

[Rosencrantz and Guildenstern exit

with some Attendants.]

[Enter Polonius.]

POLONIUS

Th' ambassadors from Norway, my good lord,

Are joyfully returned.

KING

Thou still hast been the father of good news.

POLONIUS

Have I, my lord? I assure my good liege

I hold my duty as I hold my soul,

Both to my God and to my gracious king,

And I do think, or else this brain of mine

Hunts not the trail of policy so sure

As it hath used to do, that I have found

The very cause of Hamlet's lunacy.

KING

O, speak of that! That do I long to hear.

POLONIUS

Give first admittance to th' ambassadors.

My news shall be the fruit to that great feast.

KING

Thyself do grace to them and bring them in.

[Polonius exits.]

He tells me, my dear Gertrude, he hath found

The head and source of all your son's distemper.

QUEEN

I doubt it is no other but the main--

His father's death and our o'erhasty marriage.

KING

Well, we shall sift him.

[Enter Ambassadors Voltemand and Cornelius with

Polonius.]

Welcome, my good friends.

Say, Voltemand, what from our brother Norway?

VOLTEMAND

Most fair return of greetings and desires.

Upon our first, he sent out to suppress

His nephew's levies, which to him appeared

To be a preparation 'gainst the Polack,

But, better looked into, he truly found

It was against your Highness. Whereat, grieved

That so his sickness, age, and impotence

Was falsely borne in hand, sends out arrests

On Fortinbras, which he, in brief, obeys,

Receives rebuke from Norway, and, in fine,

Makes vow before his uncle never more

To give th' assay of arms against your Majesty.

Whereon old Norway, overcome with joy,

Gives him three-score thousand crowns in annual

fee

And his commission to employ those soldiers,

So levied as before, against the Polack,

With an entreaty, herein further shown,

[He gives a paper.]

That it might please you to give quiet pass

Through your dominions for this enterprise,

On such regards of safety and allowance

As therein are set down.

KING  It likes us well,

And, at our more considered time, we'll read,

Answer, and think upon this business.

Meantime, we thank you for your well-took labor.

Go to your rest. At night we'll feast together.

Most welcome home!

[Voltemand and Cornelius exit.]

POLONIUS  This business is well ended.

My liege, and madam, to expostulate

What majesty should be, what duty is,

Why day is day, night night, and time is time

Were nothing but to waste night, day, and time.

Therefore, since brevity is the soul of wit,

And tediousness the limbs and outward flourishes,

I will be brief. Your noble son is mad.

"Mad" call I it, for, to define true madness,

What is 't but to be nothing else but mad?

But let that go.

QUEEN  More matter with less art.

POLONIUS

Madam, I swear I use no art at all.

That he's mad, 'tis true; 'tis true 'tis pity,

And pity 'tis 'tis true--a foolish figure,

But farewell it, for I will use no art.

Mad let us grant him then, and now remains

That we find out the cause of this effect,

Or, rather say, the cause of this defect,

For this effect defective comes by cause.

Thus it remains, and the remainder thus.

Perpend.

I have a daughter (have while she is mine)

Who, in her duty and obedience, mark,

Hath given me this. Now gather and surmise.

[He reads.] To the celestial, and my soul's idol, the

most beautified Ophelia--

That's an ill phrase, a vile phrase; "beautified" is a

vile phrase. But you shall hear. Thus: [He reads.]

In her excellent white bosom, these, etc.--

QUEEN  Came this from Hamlet to her?

POLONIUS

Good madam, stay awhile. I will be faithful.

[He reads the letter.]

Doubt thou the stars are fire,

   Doubt that the sun doth move,

Doubt truth to be a liar,

   But never doubt I love.

O dear Ophelia, I am ill at these numbers. I have not

art to reckon my groans, but that I love thee best, O

most best, believe it. Adieu.

Thine evermore, most dear lady, whilst

this machine is to him, Hamlet.

This, in obedience, hath my daughter shown me,

And more above, hath his solicitings,

As they fell out by time, by means, and place,

All given to mine ear.

KING  But how hath she received his love?

POLONIUS  What do you think of me?

KING

As of a man faithful and honorable.

POLONIUS

I would fain prove so. But what might you think,

When I had seen this hot love on the wing

(As I perceived it, I must tell you that,

Before my daughter told me), what might you,

Or my dear Majesty your queen here, think,

If I had played the desk or table-book

Or given my heart a winking, mute and dumb,

Or looked upon this love with idle sight?

What might you think? No, I went round to work,

And my young mistress thus I did bespeak:

"Lord Hamlet is a prince, out of thy star.

This must not be." And then I prescripts gave her,

That she should lock herself from his resort,

Admit no messengers, receive no tokens;

Which done, she took the fruits of my advice,

And he, repelled (a short tale to make),

Fell into a sadness, then into a fast,

Thence to a watch, thence into a weakness,

Thence to a lightness, and, by this declension,

Into the madness wherein now he raves

And all we mourn for.

KING, [to Queen]  Do you think 'tis this?

QUEEN  It may be, very like.

POLONIUS

Hath there been such a time (I would fain know

that)

That I have positively said "'Tis so,"

When it proved otherwise?

KING  Not that I know.

POLONIUS

Take this from this, if this be otherwise.

If circumstances lead me, I will find

Where truth is hid, though it were hid, indeed,

Within the center.

KING  How may we try it further?

POLONIUS

You know sometimes he walks four hours together

Here in the lobby.

QUEEN  So he does indeed.

POLONIUS

At such a time I'll loose my daughter to him.

[To the King.] Be you and I behind an arras then.

Mark the encounter. If he love her not,

And be not from his reason fall'n thereon,

Let me be no assistant for a state,

But keep a farm and carters.

KING  We will try it.

[Enter Hamlet reading on a book.]

QUEEN

But look where sadly the poor wretch comes

reading.

POLONIUS

Away, I do beseech you both, away.

I'll board him presently. O, give me leave.

[King and Queen exit with Attendants.]

How does my good Lord Hamlet?

HAMLET  Well, God-a-mercy.

POLONIUS  Do you know me, my lord?

HAMLET  Excellent well. You are a fishmonger.

POLONIUS  Not I, my lord.

HAMLET  Then I would you were so honest a man.

POLONIUS  Honest, my lord?

HAMLET  Ay, sir. To be honest, as this world goes, is to

be one man picked out of ten thousand.

POLONIUS  That's very true, my lord.

HAMLET  For if the sun breed maggots in a dead

dog, being a good kissing carrion--Have you a

daughter?

POLONIUS  I have, my lord.

HAMLET  Let her not walk i' th' sun. Conception is a

blessing, but, as your daughter may conceive,

friend, look to 't.

POLONIUS, [aside]  How say you by that? Still harping on

my daughter. Yet he knew me not at first; he said I

was a fishmonger. He is far gone. And truly, in my

youth, I suffered much extremity for love, very near

this. I'll speak to him again.--What do you read, my

lord?

HAMLET  Words, words, words.

POLONIUS  What is the matter, my lord?

HAMLET  Between who?

POLONIUS  I mean the matter that you read, my lord.

HAMLET  Slanders, sir; for the satirical rogue says here

that old men have gray beards, that their faces are

wrinkled, their eyes purging thick amber and

plum-tree gum, and that they have a plentiful lack of

wit, together with most weak hams; all which, sir,

though I most powerfully and potently believe, yet I

hold it not honesty to have it thus set down; for

yourself, sir, shall grow old as I am, if, like a crab,

you could go backward.

POLONIUS, [aside]  Though this be madness, yet there is

method in 't.--Will you walk out of the air, my lord?

HAMLET  Into my grave?

POLONIUS  Indeed, that's out of the air. [Aside.] How

pregnant sometimes his replies are! A happiness

that often madness hits on, which reason and

sanity could not so prosperously be delivered of. I

will leave him and suddenly contrive the means of

meeting between him and my daughter.--My lord,

I will take my leave of you.

HAMLET  You cannot, sir, take from me anything that I

will more willingly part withal--except my life,

except my life, except my life.

POLONIUS  Fare you well, my lord.

HAMLET, [aside]  These tedious old fools.

[Enter Guildenstern and Rosencrantz.]

POLONIUS  You go to seek the Lord Hamlet. There he is.

ROSENCRANTZ, [to Polonius]  God save you, sir.

[Polonius exits.]

GUILDENSTERN  My honored lord.

ROSENCRANTZ  My most dear lord.

HAMLET  My excellent good friends! How dost thou,

Guildenstern? Ah, Rosencrantz! Good lads, how do

you both?

ROSENCRANTZ

As the indifferent children of the earth.

GUILDENSTERN

Happy in that we are not overhappy.

On Fortune's cap, we are not the very button.

HAMLET  Nor the soles of her shoe?

ROSENCRANTZ  Neither, my lord.

HAMLET  Then you live about her waist, or in the

middle of her favors?

GUILDENSTERN  Faith, her privates we.

HAMLET  In the secret parts of Fortune? O, most true!

She is a strumpet. What news?

ROSENCRANTZ  None, my lord, but that the world's

grown honest.

HAMLET  Then is doomsday near. But your news is not

true. Let me question more in particular. What

have you, my good friends, deserved at the hands of

Fortune that she sends you to prison hither?

GUILDENSTERN  Prison, my lord?

HAMLET  Denmark's a prison.

ROSENCRANTZ  Then is the world one.

HAMLET  A goodly one, in which there are many confines,

wards, and dungeons, Denmark being one o'

th' worst.

ROSENCRANTZ  We think not so, my lord.

HAMLET  Why, then, 'tis none to you, for there is

nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it

so. To me, it is a prison.

ROSENCRANTZ  Why, then, your ambition makes it one.

'Tis too narrow for your mind.

HAMLET  O God, I could be bounded in a nutshell and

count myself a king of infinite space, were it not

that I have bad dreams.

GUILDENSTERN  Which dreams, indeed, are ambition,

for the very substance of the ambitious is merely

the shadow of a dream.

HAMLET  A dream itself is but a shadow.

ROSENCRANTZ  Truly, and I hold ambition of so airy

and light a quality that it is but a shadow's shadow.

HAMLET  Then are our beggars bodies, and our monarchs

and outstretched heroes the beggars' shadows.

Shall we to th' court? For, by my fay, I cannot

reason.

ROSENCRANTZ/GUILDENSTERN  We'll wait upon you.

HAMLET  No such matter. I will not sort you with the

rest of my servants, for, to speak to you like an

honest man, I am most dreadfully attended. But,

in the beaten way of friendship, what make you at

Elsinore?

ROSENCRANTZ  To visit you, my lord, no other occasion.

HAMLET  Beggar that I am, I am even poor in thanks;

but I thank you, and sure, dear friends, my thanks

are too dear a halfpenny. Were you not sent for?

Is it your own inclining? Is it a free visitation?

Come, come, deal justly with me. Come, come; nay,

speak.

GUILDENSTERN  What should we say, my lord?

HAMLET  Anything but to th' purpose. You were sent

for, and there is a kind of confession in your looks

which your modesties have not craft enough to

color. I know the good king and queen have sent for

you.

ROSENCRANTZ  To what end, my lord?

HAMLET  That you must teach me. But let me conjure

you by the rights of our fellowship, by the consonancy

of our youth, by the obligation of our ever-preserved

love, and by what more dear a better

proposer can charge you withal: be even and direct

with me whether you were sent for or no.

ROSENCRANTZ, [to Guildenstern]  What say you?

HAMLET, [aside]  Nay, then, I have an eye of you.--If

you love me, hold not off.

GUILDENSTERN  My lord, we were sent for.

HAMLET  I will tell you why; so shall my anticipation

prevent your discovery, and your secrecy to the

King and Queen molt no feather. I have of late, but

wherefore I know not, lost all my mirth, forgone all

custom of exercises, and, indeed, it goes so heavily

with my disposition that this goodly frame, the

Earth, seems to me a sterile promontory; this most

excellent canopy, the air, look you, this brave o'erhanging

firmament, this majestical roof, fretted

with golden fire--why, it appeareth nothing to me

but a foul and pestilent congregation of vapors.

What a piece of work is a man, how noble in

reason, how infinite in faculties, in form and moving

how express and admirable; in action how like

an angel, in apprehension how like a god: the

beauty of the world, the paragon of animals--and

yet, to me, what is this quintessence of dust? Man

delights not me, no, nor women neither, though by

your smiling you seem to say so.

ROSENCRANTZ  My lord, there was no such stuff in my

thoughts.

HAMLET  Why did you laugh, then, when I said "man

delights not me"?

ROSENCRANTZ  To think, my lord, if you delight not in

man, what Lenten entertainment the players shall

receive from you. We coted them on the way, and

hither are they coming to offer you service.

HAMLET  He that plays the king shall be welcome--his

Majesty shall have tribute on me. The adventurous

knight shall use his foil and target, the lover shall

not sigh gratis, the humorous man shall end his

part in peace, the clown shall make those laugh

whose lungs are tickle o' th' sear, and the lady

shall say her mind freely, or the blank verse shall

halt for 't. What players are they?

ROSENCRANTZ  Even those you were wont to take such

delight in, the tragedians of the city.

HAMLET  How chances it they travel? Their residence,

both in reputation and profit, was better both ways.

ROSENCRANTZ  I think their inhibition comes by the

means of the late innovation.

HAMLET  Do they hold the same estimation they did

when I was in the city? Are they so followed?

ROSENCRANTZ  No, indeed are they not.

HAMLET  How comes it? Do they grow rusty?

ROSENCRANTZ  Nay, their endeavor keeps in the wonted

pace. But there is, sir, an aerie of children, little

eyases, that cry out on the top of question and are

most tyrannically clapped for 't. These are now the

fashion and so berattle the common stages (so

they call them) that many wearing rapiers are afraid

of goose quills and dare scarce come thither.

HAMLET  What, are they children? Who maintains 'em?

How are they escoted? Will they pursue the quality

no longer than they can sing? Will they not say

afterwards, if they should grow themselves to common

players (as it is most like, if their means are

no better), their writers do them wrong to make

them exclaim against their own succession?

ROSENCRANTZ  Faith, there has been much to-do on

both sides, and the nation holds it no sin to tar

them to controversy. There was for a while no

money bid for argument unless the poet and the

player went to cuffs in the question.

HAMLET  Is 't possible?

GUILDENSTERN  O, there has been much throwing

about of brains.

HAMLET  Do the boys carry it away?

ROSENCRANTZ  Ay, that they do, my lord--Hercules

and his load too.

HAMLET  It is not very strange; for my uncle is King of

Denmark, and those that would make mouths at

him while my father lived give twenty, forty, fifty,

a hundred ducats apiece for his picture in little.

'Sblood, there is something in this more than natural,

if philosophy could find it out.

[A flourish for the Players.]

GUILDENSTERN  There are the players.

HAMLET  Gentlemen, you are welcome to Elsinore.

Your hands, come then. Th' appurtenance of welcome

is fashion and ceremony. Let me comply

with you in this garb, lest my extent to the players,

which, I tell you, must show fairly outwards, should

more appear like entertainment than yours. You are

welcome. But my uncle-father and aunt-mother are

deceived.

GUILDENSTERN  In what, my dear lord?

HAMLET  I am but mad north-north-west. When the

wind is southerly, I know a hawk from a handsaw.

[Enter Polonius.]

POLONIUS  Well be with you, gentlemen.

HAMLET  Hark you, Guildenstern, and you too--at

each ear a hearer! That great baby you see there is

not yet out of his swaddling clouts.

ROSENCRANTZ  Haply he is the second time come to

them, for they say an old man is twice a child.

HAMLET  I will prophesy he comes to tell me of the

players; mark it.--You say right, sir, a Monday

morning, 'twas then indeed.

POLONIUS  My lord, I have news to tell you.

HAMLET  My lord, I have news to tell you: when Roscius

was an actor in Rome--

POLONIUS  The actors are come hither, my lord.

HAMLET  Buzz, buzz.

POLONIUS  Upon my honor--

HAMLET  Then came each actor on his ass.

POLONIUS  The best actors in the world, either for

tragedy, comedy, history, pastoral, pastoral-comical,

historical-pastoral, tragical-historical,

tragical-comical-historical-pastoral, scene individable, or

poem unlimited. Seneca cannot be too heavy, nor

Plautus too light. For the law of writ and the liberty,

these are the only men.

HAMLET  O Jephthah, judge of Israel, what a treasure

hadst thou!

POLONIUS  What a treasure had he, my lord?

HAMLET  Why,

One fair daughter, and no more,

The which he loved passing well.

POLONIUS, [aside]  Still on my daughter.

HAMLET  Am I not i' th' right, old Jephthah?

POLONIUS  If you call me "Jephthah," my lord: I have a

daughter that I love passing well.

HAMLET  Nay, that follows not.

POLONIUS  What follows then, my lord?

HAMLET  Why,

As by lot, God wot

and then, you know,

It came to pass, as most like it was--

the first row of the pious chanson will show you

more, for look where my abridgment comes.

[Enter the Players.]

You are welcome, masters; welcome all.--I am glad

to see thee well.--Welcome, good friends.--O my

old friend! Why, thy face is valanced since I saw thee

last. Com'st thou to beard me in Denmark?--What,

my young lady and mistress! By 'r Lady, your Ladyship

is nearer to heaven than when I saw you last, by

the altitude of a chopine. Pray God your voice, like a

piece of uncurrent gold, be not cracked within the

ring. Masters, you are all welcome. We'll e'en to 't

like French falconers, fly at anything we see. We'll

have a speech straight. Come, give us a taste of your

quality. Come, a passionate speech.

FIRST PLAYER  What speech, my good lord?

HAMLET  I heard thee speak me a speech once, but it

was never acted, or, if it was, not above once; for

the play, I remember, pleased not the million:

'twas caviary to the general. But it was (as I

received it, and others whose judgments in such

matters cried in the top of mine) an excellent play,

well digested in the scenes, set down with as much

modesty as cunning. I remember one said there

were no sallets in the lines to make the matter

savory, nor no matter in the phrase that might indict

the author of affection, but called it an honest

method, as wholesome as sweet and, by very much,

more handsome than fine. One speech in 't I

chiefly loved. 'Twas Aeneas' tale to Dido, and

thereabout of it especially when he speaks of

Priam's slaughter. If it live in your memory, begin at

this line--let me see, let me see:

The rugged Pyrrhus, like th' Hyrcanian beast--

'tis not so; it begins with Pyrrhus:

The rugged Pyrrhus, he whose sable arms,

Black as his purpose, did the night resemble

When he lay couched in th' ominous horse,

Hath now this dread and black complexion smeared

With heraldry more dismal. Head to foot,

Now is he total gules, horridly tricked

With blood of fathers, mothers, daughters, sons,

Baked and impasted with the parching streets,

That lend a tyrannous and a damned light

To their lord's murder. Roasted in wrath and fire,

And thus o'ersized with coagulate gore,

With eyes like carbuncles, the hellish Pyrrhus

Old grandsire Priam seeks.

So, proceed you.

POLONIUS  'Fore God, my lord, well spoken, with good

accent and good discretion.

FIRST PLAYER  Anon he finds him

Striking too short at Greeks. His antique sword,

Rebellious to his arm, lies where it falls,

Repugnant to command. Unequal matched,

Pyrrhus at Priam drives, in rage strikes wide;

But with the whiff and wind of his fell sword

Th' unnerved father falls. Then senseless Ilium,

Seeming to feel this blow, with flaming top

Stoops to his base, and with a hideous crash

Takes prisoner Pyrrhus' ear. For lo, his sword,

Which was declining on the milky head

Of reverend Priam, seemed i' th' air to stick.

So as a painted tyrant Pyrrhus stood

And, like a neutral to his will and matter,

Did nothing.

But as we often see against some storm

A silence in the heavens, the rack stand still,

The bold winds speechless, and the orb below

As hush as death, anon the dreadful thunder

Doth rend the region; so, after Pyrrhus' pause,

Aroused vengeance sets him new a-work,

And never did the Cyclops' hammers fall

On Mars's armor, forged for proof eterne,

With less remorse than Pyrrhus' bleeding sword

Now falls on Priam.

Out, out, thou strumpet Fortune! All you gods

In general synod take away her power,

Break all the spokes and fellies from her wheel,

And bowl the round nave down the hill of heaven

As low as to the fiends!

POLONIUS  This is too long.

HAMLET  It shall to the barber's with your beard.--

Prithee say on. He's for a jig or a tale of bawdry, or

he sleeps. Say on; come to Hecuba.

FIRST PLAYER

But who, ah woe, had seen the mobled queen--

HAMLET  "The mobled queen"?

POLONIUS  That's good. "Mobled queen" is good.

FIRST PLAYER

Run barefoot up and down, threat'ning the flames

With bisson rheum, a clout upon that head

Where late the diadem stood, and for a robe,

About her lank and all o'erteemed loins

A blanket, in the alarm of fear caught up--

Who this had seen, with tongue in venom steeped,

'Gainst Fortune's state would treason have

pronounced.

But if the gods themselves did see her then

When she saw Pyrrhus make malicious sport

In mincing with his sword her husband's limbs,

The instant burst of clamor that she made

(Unless things mortal move them not at all)

Would have made milch the burning eyes of heaven

And passion in the gods.

POLONIUS  Look whe'er he has not turned his color and

has tears in 's eyes. Prithee, no more.

HAMLET  'Tis well. I'll have thee speak out the rest of

this soon.--Good my lord, will you see the players

well bestowed? Do you hear, let them be well used,

for they are the abstract and brief chronicles of the

time. After your death you were better have a bad

epitaph than their ill report while you live.

POLONIUS  My lord, I will use them according to their

desert.

HAMLET  God's bodykins, man, much better! Use every

man after his desert and who shall 'scape

whipping? Use them after your own honor and

dignity. The less they deserve, the more merit is in

your bounty. Take them in.

POLONIUS  Come, sirs.

HAMLET  Follow him, friends. We'll hear a play

tomorrow. [As Polonius and Players exit, Hamlet speaks to

the First Player.] Dost thou hear me, old friend? Can

you play "The Murder of Gonzago"?

FIRST PLAYER  Ay, my lord.

HAMLET  We'll ha 't tomorrow night. You could, for a

need, study a speech of some dozen or sixteen

lines, which I would set down and insert in 't,

could you not?

FIRST PLAYER  Ay, my lord.

HAMLET  Very well. Follow that lord--and look you

mock him not. [First Player exits.] My good friends,

I'll leave you till night. You are welcome to Elsinore.

ROSENCRANTZ  Good my lord.

HAMLET

Ay, so, good-bye to you.

[Rosencrantz and Guildenstern exit.]

Now I am alone.

O, what a rogue and peasant slave am I!

Is it not monstrous that this player here,

But in a fiction, in a dream of passion,

Could force his soul so to his own conceit

That from her working all his visage wanned,

Tears in his eyes, distraction in his aspect,

A broken voice, and his whole function suiting

With forms to his conceit--and all for nothing!

For Hecuba!

What's Hecuba to him, or he to Hecuba,

That he should weep for her? What would he do

Had he the motive and the cue for passion

That I have? He would drown the stage with tears

And cleave the general ear with horrid speech,

Make mad the guilty and appall the free,

Confound the ignorant and amaze indeed

The very faculties of eyes and ears. Yet I,

A dull and muddy-mettled rascal, peak

Like John-a-dreams, unpregnant of my cause,

And can say nothing--no, not for a king

Upon whose property and most dear life

A damned defeat was made. Am I a coward?

Who calls me "villain"? breaks my pate across?

Plucks off my beard and blows it in my face?

Tweaks me by the nose? gives me the lie i' th' throat

As deep as to the lungs? Who does me this?

Ha! 'Swounds, I should take it! For it cannot be

But I am pigeon-livered and lack gall

To make oppression bitter, or ere this

I should have fatted all the region kites

With this slave's offal. Bloody, bawdy villain!

Remorseless, treacherous, lecherous, kindless

villain!

O vengeance!

Why, what an ass am I! This is most brave,

That I, the son of a dear father murdered,

Prompted to my revenge by heaven and hell,

Must, like a whore, unpack my heart with words

And fall a-cursing like a very drab,

A stallion! Fie upon 't! Foh!

About, my brains!--Hum, I have heard

That guilty creatures sitting at a play

Have, by the very cunning of the scene,

Been struck so to the soul that presently

They have proclaimed their malefactions;

For murder, though it have no tongue, will speak

With most miraculous organ. I'll have these players

Play something like the murder of my father

Before mine uncle. I'll observe his looks;

I'll tent him to the quick. If he do blench,

I know my course. The spirit that I have seen

May be a devil, and the devil hath power

T' assume a pleasing shape; yea, and perhaps,

Out of my weakness and my melancholy,

As he is very potent with such spirits,

Abuses me to damn me. I'll have grounds

More relative than this. The play's the thing

Wherein I'll catch the conscience of the King.

[He exits.]

ACT 3

=====

Scene 1

=======

[Enter King, Queen, Polonius, Ophelia, Rosencrantz,

Guildenstern, and Lords.]

KING

And can you by no drift of conference

Get from him why he puts on this confusion,

Grating so harshly all his days of quiet

With turbulent and dangerous lunacy?

ROSENCRANTZ

He does confess he feels himself distracted,

But from what cause he will by no means speak.

GUILDENSTERN

Nor do we find him forward to be sounded,

But with a crafty madness keeps aloof

When we would bring him on to some confession

Of his true state.

QUEEN  Did he receive you well?

ROSENCRANTZ  Most like a gentleman.

GUILDENSTERN

But with much forcing of his disposition.

ROSENCRANTZ

Niggard of question, but of our demands

Most free in his reply.

QUEEN  Did you assay him to any pastime?

ROSENCRANTZ

Madam, it so fell out that certain players

We o'erraught on the way. Of these we told him,

And there did seem in him a kind of joy

To hear of it. They are here about the court,

And, as I think, they have already order

This night to play before him.

POLONIUS  'Tis most true,

And he beseeched me to entreat your Majesties

To hear and see the matter.

KING

With all my heart, and it doth much content me

To hear him so inclined.

Good gentlemen, give him a further edge

And drive his purpose into these delights.

ROSENCRANTZ

We shall, my lord. [Rosencrantz and Guildenstern

and Lords exit.]

KING  Sweet Gertrude, leave us too,

For we have closely sent for Hamlet hither,

That he, as 'twere by accident, may here

Affront Ophelia.

Her father and myself, lawful espials,

Will so bestow ourselves that, seeing unseen,

We may of their encounter frankly judge

And gather by him, as he is behaved,

If 't be th' affliction of his love or no

That thus he suffers for.

QUEEN  I shall obey you.

And for your part, Ophelia, I do wish

That your good beauties be the happy cause

Of Hamlet's wildness. So shall I hope your virtues

Will bring him to his wonted way again,

To both your honors.

OPHELIA  Madam, I wish it may.

[Queen exits.]

POLONIUS

Ophelia, walk you here.--Gracious, so please you,

We will bestow ourselves. [To Ophelia.] Read on this

book,

That show of such an exercise may color

Your loneliness.--We are oft to blame in this

('Tis too much proved), that with devotion's visage

And pious action we do sugar o'er

The devil himself.

KING, [aside]  O, 'tis too true!

How smart a lash that speech doth give my

conscience.

The harlot's cheek beautied with plast'ring art

Is not more ugly to the thing that helps it

Than is my deed to my most painted word.

O heavy burden!

POLONIUS

I hear him coming. Let's withdraw, my lord.

[They withdraw.]

[Enter Hamlet.]

HAMLET

To be or not to be--that is the question:

Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer

The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,

Or to take arms against a sea of troubles

And, by opposing, end them. To die, to sleep--

No more--and by a sleep to say we end

The heartache and the thousand natural shocks

That flesh is heir to--'tis a consummation

Devoutly to be wished. To die, to sleep--

To sleep, perchance to dream. Ay, there's the rub,

For in that sleep of death what dreams may come,

When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,

Must give us pause. There's the respect

That makes calamity of so long life.

For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,

Th' oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely,

The pangs of despised love, the law's delay,

The insolence of office, and the spurns

That patient merit of th' unworthy takes,

When he himself might his quietus make

With a bare bodkin? Who would fardels bear,

To grunt and sweat under a weary life,

But that the dread of something after death,

The undiscovered country from whose bourn

No traveler returns, puzzles the will

And makes us rather bear those ills we have

Than fly to others that we know not of?

Thus conscience does make cowards of us all,

And thus the native hue of resolution

Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought,

And enterprises of great pitch and moment

With this regard their currents turn awry

And lose the name of action.--Soft you now,

The fair Ophelia.--Nymph, in thy orisons

Be all my sins remembered.

OPHELIA  Good my lord,

How does your Honor for this many a day?

HAMLET  I humbly thank you, well.

OPHELIA

My lord, I have remembrances of yours

That I have longed long to redeliver.

I pray you now receive them.

HAMLET

No, not I. I never gave you aught.

OPHELIA

My honored lord, you know right well you did,

And with them words of so sweet breath composed

As made the things more rich. Their perfume

lost,

Take these again, for to the noble mind

Rich gifts wax poor when givers prove unkind.

There, my lord.

HAMLET  Ha, ha, are you honest?

OPHELIA  My lord?

HAMLET  Are you fair?

OPHELIA  What means your Lordship?

HAMLET  That if you be honest and fair, your honesty

should admit no discourse to your beauty.

OPHELIA  Could beauty, my lord, have better commerce

than with honesty?

HAMLET  Ay, truly, for the power of beauty will sooner

transform honesty from what it is to a bawd than

the force of honesty can translate beauty into his

likeness. This was sometime a paradox, but now

the time gives it proof. I did love you once.

OPHELIA  Indeed, my lord, you made me believe so.

HAMLET  You should not have believed me, for virtue

cannot so inoculate our old stock but we shall

relish of it. I loved you not.

OPHELIA  I was the more deceived.

HAMLET  Get thee to a nunnery. Why wouldst thou be

a breeder of sinners? I am myself indifferent honest,

but yet I could accuse me of such things that it

were better my mother had not borne me: I am

very proud, revengeful, ambitious, with more offenses

at my beck than I have thoughts to put them

in, imagination to give them shape, or time to act

them in. What should such fellows as I do crawling

between earth and heaven? We are arrant knaves

all; believe none of us. Go thy ways to a nunnery.

Where's your father?

OPHELIA  At home, my lord.

HAMLET  Let the doors be shut upon him that he may

play the fool nowhere but in 's own house. Farewell.

OPHELIA  O, help him, you sweet heavens!

HAMLET  If thou dost marry, I'll give thee this plague

for thy dowry: be thou as chaste as ice, as pure as

snow, thou shalt not escape calumny. Get thee to a

nunnery, farewell. Or if thou wilt needs marry,

marry a fool, for wise men know well enough what

monsters you make of them. To a nunnery, go, and

quickly too. Farewell.

OPHELIA  Heavenly powers, restore him!

HAMLET  I have heard of your paintings too, well

enough. God hath given you one face, and you

make yourselves another. You jig and amble, and

you lisp; you nickname God's creatures and make

your wantonness your ignorance. Go to, I'll no

more on 't. It hath made me mad. I say we will have

no more marriage. Those that are married already,

all but one, shall live. The rest shall keep as they are.

To a nunnery, go. [He exits.]

OPHELIA

O, what a noble mind is here o'erthrown!

The courtier's, soldier's, scholar's, eye, tongue,

sword,

Th' expectancy and rose of the fair state,

The glass of fashion and the mold of form,

Th' observed of all observers, quite, quite down!

And I, of ladies most deject and wretched,

That sucked the honey of his musicked vows,

Now see that noble and most sovereign reason,

Like sweet bells jangled, out of time and harsh;

That unmatched form and stature of blown youth

Blasted with ecstasy. O, woe is me

T' have seen what I have seen, see what I see!

KING, [advancing with Polonius]

Love? His affections do not that way tend;

Nor what he spake, though it lacked form a little,

Was not like madness. There's something in his soul

O'er which his melancholy sits on brood,

And I do doubt the hatch and the disclose

Will be some danger; which for to prevent,

I have in quick determination

Thus set it down: he shall with speed to England

For the demand of our neglected tribute.

Haply the seas, and countries different,

With variable objects, shall expel

This something-settled matter in his heart,

Whereon his brains still beating puts him thus

From fashion of himself. What think you on 't?

POLONIUS

It shall do well. But yet do I believe

The origin and commencement of his grief

Sprung from neglected love.--How now, Ophelia?

You need not tell us what Lord Hamlet said;

We heard it all.--My lord, do as you please,

But, if you hold it fit, after the play

Let his queen-mother all alone entreat him

To show his grief. Let her be round with him;

And I'll be placed, so please you, in the ear

Of all their conference. If she find him not,

To England send him, or confine him where

Your wisdom best shall think.

KING  It shall be so.

Madness in great ones must not unwatched go.

[They exit.]

Scene 2

=======

[Enter Hamlet and three of the Players.]

HAMLET  Speak the speech, I pray you, as I pronounced

it to you, trippingly on the tongue; but if you mouth

it, as many of our players do, I had as lief the

town-crier spoke my lines. Nor do not saw the air

too much with your hand, thus, but use all gently;

for in the very torrent, tempest, and, as I may say,

whirlwind of your passion, you must acquire and

beget a temperance that may give it smoothness. O,

it offends me to the soul to hear a robustious,

periwig-pated fellow tear a passion to tatters, to very

rags, to split the ears of the groundlings, who for the

most part are capable of nothing but inexplicable

dumb shows and noise. I would have such a fellow

whipped for o'erdoing Termagant. It out-Herods

Herod. Pray you, avoid it.

PLAYER  I warrant your Honor.

HAMLET  Be not too tame neither, but let your own

discretion be your tutor. Suit the action to the

word, the word to the action, with this special

observance, that you o'erstep not the modesty of

nature. For anything so o'erdone is from the purpose

of playing, whose end, both at the first and

now, was and is to hold, as 'twere, the mirror up to

nature, to show virtue her own feature, scorn her

own image, and the very age and body of the time

his form and pressure. Now this overdone or come

tardy off, though it makes the unskillful laugh,

cannot but make the judicious grieve, the censure

of the which one must in your allowance o'erweigh

a whole theater of others. O, there be players that I

have seen play and heard others praise (and that

highly), not to speak it profanely, that, neither

having th' accent of Christians nor the gait of

Christian, pagan, nor man, have so strutted and

bellowed that I have thought some of nature's

journeymen had made men, and not made them

well, they imitated humanity so abominably.

PLAYER  I hope we have reformed that indifferently

with us, sir.

HAMLET  O, reform it altogether. And let those that play

your clowns speak no more than is set down for

them, for there be of them that will themselves

laugh, to set on some quantity of barren spectators

to laugh too, though in the meantime some necessary

question of the play be then to be considered.

That's villainous and shows a most pitiful ambition

in the fool that uses it. Go make you ready.

[Players exit.]

[Enter Polonius, Guildenstern, and Rosencrantz.]

How now, my lord, will the King hear this piece of

work?

POLONIUS  And the Queen too, and that presently.

HAMLET  Bid the players make haste. [Polonius exits.]

Will you two help to hasten them?

ROSENCRANTZ  Ay, my lord. [They exit.]

HAMLET  What ho, Horatio!

[Enter Horatio.]

HORATIO  Here, sweet lord, at your service.

HAMLET

Horatio, thou art e'en as just a man

As e'er my conversation coped withal.

HORATIO

O, my dear lord--

HAMLET  Nay, do not think I flatter,

For what advancement may I hope from thee

That no revenue hast but thy good spirits

To feed and clothe thee? Why should the poor be

flattered?

No, let the candied tongue lick absurd pomp

And crook the pregnant hinges of the knee

Where thrift may follow fawning. Dost thou hear?

Since my dear soul was mistress of her choice

And could of men distinguish, her election

Hath sealed thee for herself. For thou hast been

As one in suffering all that suffers nothing,

A man that Fortune's buffets and rewards

Hast ta'en with equal thanks; and blessed are those

Whose blood and judgment are so well

commeddled

That they are not a pipe for Fortune's finger

To sound what stop she please. Give me that man

That is not passion's slave, and I will wear him

In my heart's core, ay, in my heart of heart,

As I do thee.--Something too much of this.--

There is a play tonight before the King.

One scene of it comes near the circumstance

Which I have told thee of my father's death.

I prithee, when thou seest that act afoot,

Even with the very comment of thy soul

Observe my uncle. If his occulted guilt

Do not itself unkennel in one speech,

It is a damned ghost that we have seen,

And my imaginations are as foul

As Vulcan's stithy. Give him heedful note,

For I mine eyes will rivet to his face,

And, after, we will both our judgments join

In censure of his seeming.

HORATIO  Well, my lord.

If he steal aught the whilst this play is playing

And 'scape detecting, I will pay the theft.

[Sound a flourish.]

HAMLET  They are coming to the play. I must be idle.

Get you a place.

[Enter Trumpets and Kettle Drums. Enter King, Queen,

Polonius, Ophelia, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, and other

Lords attendant with the King's guard carrying

torches.]

KING  How fares our cousin Hamlet?

HAMLET  Excellent, i' faith, of the chameleon's dish. I

eat the air, promise-crammed. You cannot feed

capons so.

KING  I have nothing with this answer, Hamlet. These

words are not mine.

HAMLET  No, nor mine now. [To Polonius.] My lord, you

played once i' th' university, you say?

POLONIUS  That did I, my lord, and was accounted a

good actor.

HAMLET  What did you enact?

POLONIUS  I did enact Julius Caesar. I was killed i' th'

Capitol. Brutus killed me.

HAMLET  It was a brute part of him to kill so capital a

calf there.--Be the players ready?

ROSENCRANTZ  Ay, my lord. They stay upon your

patience.

QUEEN  Come hither, my dear Hamlet, sit by me.

HAMLET  No, good mother. Here's metal more

attractive. [Hamlet takes a place near Ophelia.]

POLONIUS, [to the King]  Oh, ho! Do you mark that?

HAMLET  Lady, shall I lie in your lap?

OPHELIA  No, my lord.

HAMLET  I mean, my head upon your lap?

OPHELIA  Ay, my lord.

HAMLET  Do you think I meant country matters?

OPHELIA  I think nothing, my lord.

HAMLET  That's a fair thought to lie between maids'

legs.

OPHELIA  What is, my lord?

HAMLET  Nothing.

OPHELIA  You are merry, my lord.

HAMLET  Who, I?

OPHELIA  Ay, my lord.

HAMLET  O God, your only jig-maker. What should a

man do but be merry? For look you how cheerfully

my mother looks, and my father died within 's two

hours.

OPHELIA  Nay, 'tis twice two months, my lord.

HAMLET  So long? Nay, then, let the devil wear black,

for I'll have a suit of sables. O heavens, die two

months ago, and not forgotten yet? Then there's

hope a great man's memory may outlive his life half

a year. But, by 'r Lady, he must build churches, then,

or else shall he suffer not thinking on, with the

hobby-horse, whose epitaph is "For oh, for oh, the

hobby-horse is forgot."

[The trumpets sounds. Dumb show follows.]

[Enter a King and a Queen, very lovingly, the Queen

embracing him and he her. She kneels and makes show of

protestation unto him. He takes her up and declines his

head upon her neck. He lies him down upon a bank of

flowers. She, seeing him asleep, leaves him. Anon

comes in another man, takes off his crown, kisses it, pours

poison in the sleeper's ears, and leaves him. The Queen

returns, finds the King dead, makes passionate action. The

poisoner with some three or four come in again, seem to

condole with her. The dead body is carried away. The

poisoner woos the Queen with gifts. She seems harsh

awhile but in the end accepts his love.]

[Players exit.]

OPHELIA  What means this, my lord?

HAMLET  Marry, this is miching mallecho. It means

mischief.

OPHELIA  Belike this show imports the argument of the

play.

[Enter Prologue.]

HAMLET  We shall know by this fellow. The players

cannot keep counsel; they'll tell all.

OPHELIA  Will he tell us what this show meant?

HAMLET  Ay, or any show that you will show him. Be

not you ashamed to show, he'll not shame to tell you

what it means.

OPHELIA  You are naught, you are naught. I'll mark the

play.

PROLOGUE

For us and for our tragedy,

Here stooping to your clemency,

We beg your hearing patiently. [He exits.]

HAMLET  Is this a prologue or the posy of a ring?

OPHELIA  'Tis brief, my lord.

HAMLET  As woman's love.

[Enter the Player King and Queen.]

PLAYER KING

Full thirty times hath Phoebus' cart gone round

Neptune's salt wash and Tellus' orbed ground,

And thirty dozen moons with borrowed sheen

About the world have times twelve thirties been

Since love our hearts and Hymen did our hands

Unite commutual in most sacred bands.

PLAYER QUEEN

So many journeys may the sun and moon

Make us again count o'er ere love be done!

But woe is me! You are so sick of late,

So far from cheer and from your former state,

That I distrust you. Yet, though I distrust,

Discomfort you, my lord, it nothing must.

For women fear too much, even as they love,

And women's fear and love hold quantity,

In neither aught, or in extremity.

Now what my love is, proof hath made you know,

And, as my love is sized, my fear is so:

Where love is great, the littlest doubts are fear;

Where little fears grow great, great love grows there.

PLAYER KING

Faith, I must leave thee, love, and shortly too.

My operant powers their functions leave to do.

And thou shalt live in this fair world behind,

Honored, beloved; and haply one as kind

For husband shalt thou--

PLAYER QUEEN  O, confound the rest!

Such love must needs be treason in my breast.

In second husband let me be accurst.

None wed the second but who killed the first.

HAMLET  That's wormwood!

PLAYER QUEEN

The instances that second marriage move

Are base respects of thrift, but none of love.

A second time I kill my husband dead

When second husband kisses me in bed.

PLAYER KING

I do believe you think what now you speak,

But what we do determine oft we break.

Purpose is but the slave to memory,

Of violent birth, but poor validity,

Which now, the fruit unripe, sticks on the tree

But fall unshaken when they mellow be.

Most necessary 'tis that we forget

To pay ourselves what to ourselves is debt.

What to ourselves in passion we propose,

The passion ending, doth the purpose lose.

The violence of either grief or joy

Their own enactures with themselves destroy.

Where joy most revels, grief doth most lament;

Grief joys, joy grieves, on slender accident.

This world is not for aye, nor 'tis not strange

That even our loves should with our fortunes change;

For 'tis a question left us yet to prove

Whether love lead fortune or else fortune love.

The great man down, you mark his favorite flies;

The poor, advanced, makes friends of enemies.

And hitherto doth love on fortune tend,

For who not needs shall never lack a friend,

And who in want a hollow friend doth try

Directly seasons him his enemy.

But, orderly to end where I begun:

Our wills and fates do so contrary run

That our devices still are overthrown;

Our thoughts are ours, their ends none of our own.

So think thou wilt no second husband wed,

But die thy thoughts when thy first lord is dead.

PLAYER QUEEN

Nor Earth to me give food, nor heaven light,

Sport and repose lock from me day and night,

To desperation turn my trust and hope,

An anchor's cheer in prison be my scope.

Each opposite that blanks the face of joy

Meet what I would have well and it destroy.

Both here and hence pursue me lasting strife,

If, once a widow, ever I be wife.

HAMLET  If she should break it now!

PLAYER KING

'Tis deeply sworn. Sweet, leave me here awhile.

My spirits grow dull, and fain I would beguile

The tedious day with sleep. [Sleeps.]

PLAYER QUEEN  Sleep rock thy brain,

And never come mischance between us twain.

[Player Queen exits.]

HAMLET  Madam, how like you this play?

QUEEN  The lady doth protest too much, methinks.

HAMLET  O, but she'll keep her word.

KING  Have you heard the argument? Is there no

offense in 't?

HAMLET  No, no, they do but jest, poison in jest. No

offense i' th' world.

KING  What do you call the play?

HAMLET  "The Mousetrap." Marry, how? Tropically.

This play is the image of a murder done in Vienna.

Gonzago is the duke's name, his wife Baptista. You

shall see anon. 'Tis a knavish piece of work, but

what of that? Your Majesty and we that have free

souls, it touches us not. Let the galled jade wince;

our withers are unwrung.

[Enter Lucianus.]

This is one Lucianus, nephew to the king.

OPHELIA  You are as good as a chorus, my lord.

HAMLET  I could interpret between you and your love,

if I could see the puppets dallying.

OPHELIA  You are keen, my lord, you are keen.

HAMLET  It would cost you a groaning to take off mine

edge.

OPHELIA  Still better and worse.

HAMLET  So you mis-take your husbands.--Begin,

murderer. Pox, leave thy damnable faces and

begin. Come, the croaking raven doth bellow for

revenge.

LUCIANUS

Thoughts black, hands apt, drugs fit, and time

agreeing,

Confederate season, else no creature seeing,

Thou mixture rank, of midnight weeds collected,

With Hecate's ban thrice blasted, thrice infected,

Thy natural magic and dire property

On wholesome life usurp immediately.

[Pours the poison in his ears.]

HAMLET  He poisons him i' th' garden for his estate. His

name's Gonzago. The story is extant and written in

very choice Italian. You shall see anon how the

murderer gets the love of Gonzago's wife.

[Claudius rises.]

OPHELIA  The King rises.

HAMLET  What, frighted with false fire?

QUEEN  How fares my lord?

POLONIUS  Give o'er the play.

KING  Give me some light. Away!

POLONIUS  Lights, lights, lights!

[All but Hamlet and Horatio exit.]

HAMLET

Why, let the strucken deer go weep,

   The hart ungalled play.

For some must watch, while some must sleep:

   Thus runs the world away.

Would not this, sir, and a forest of feathers (if the

rest of my fortunes turn Turk with me) with two

Provincial roses on my razed shoes, get me a

fellowship in a cry of players?

HORATIO  Half a share.

HAMLET  A whole one, I.

For thou dost know, O Damon dear,

   This realm dismantled was

Of Jove himself, and now reigns here

   A very very--pajock.

HORATIO  You might have rhymed.

HAMLET  O good Horatio, I'll take the ghost's word for

a thousand pound. Didst perceive?

HORATIO  Very well, my lord.

HAMLET  Upon the talk of the poisoning?

HORATIO  I did very well note him.

HAMLET  Ah ha! Come, some music! Come, the

recorders!

For if the King like not the comedy,

Why, then, belike he likes it not, perdy.

Come, some music!

[Enter Rosencrantz and Guildenstern.]

GUILDENSTERN  Good my lord, vouchsafe me a word

with you.

HAMLET  Sir, a whole history.

GUILDENSTERN  The King, sir--

HAMLET  Ay, sir, what of him?

GUILDENSTERN  Is in his retirement marvelous

distempered.

HAMLET  With drink, sir?

GUILDENSTERN  No, my lord, with choler.

HAMLET  Your wisdom should show itself more richer

to signify this to the doctor, for for me to put him to

his purgation would perhaps plunge him into more

choler.

GUILDENSTERN  Good my lord, put your discourse into

some frame and start not so wildly from my

affair.

HAMLET  I am tame, sir. Pronounce.

GUILDENSTERN  The Queen your mother, in most great

affliction of spirit, hath sent me to you.

HAMLET  You are welcome.

GUILDENSTERN  Nay, good my lord, this courtesy is not

of the right breed. If it shall please you to make me

a wholesome answer, I will do your mother's

commandment. If not, your pardon and my return

shall be the end of my business.

HAMLET  Sir, I cannot.

ROSENCRANTZ  What, my lord?

HAMLET  Make you a wholesome answer. My wit's

diseased. But, sir, such answer as I can make, you

shall command--or, rather, as you say, my mother.

Therefore no more but to the matter. My mother,

you say--

ROSENCRANTZ  Then thus she says: your behavior hath

struck her into amazement and admiration.

HAMLET  O wonderful son that can so 'stonish a mother!

But is there no sequel at the heels of this

mother's admiration? Impart.

ROSENCRANTZ  She desires to speak with you in her

closet ere you go to bed.

HAMLET  We shall obey, were she ten times our mother.

Have you any further trade with us?

ROSENCRANTZ  My lord, you once did love me.

HAMLET  And do still, by these pickers and stealers.

ROSENCRANTZ  Good my lord, what is your cause of

distemper? You do surely bar the door upon your

own liberty if you deny your griefs to your friend.

HAMLET  Sir, I lack advancement.

ROSENCRANTZ  How can that be, when you have the

voice of the King himself for your succession in

Denmark?

HAMLET  Ay, sir, but "While the grass grows"--the

proverb is something musty.

[Enter the Players with recorders.]

O, the recorders! Let me see one. [He takes a

recorder and turns to Guildenstern.] To withdraw

with you: why do you go about to recover the wind

of me, as if you would drive me into a toil?

GUILDENSTERN  O, my lord, if my duty be too bold, my

love is too unmannerly.

HAMLET  I do not well understand that. Will you play

upon this pipe?

GUILDENSTERN  My lord, I cannot.

HAMLET  I pray you.

GUILDENSTERN  Believe me, I cannot.

HAMLET  I do beseech you.

GUILDENSTERN  I know no touch of it, my lord.

HAMLET  It is as easy as lying. Govern these ventages

with your fingers and thumb, give it breath with

your mouth, and it will discourse most eloquent

music. Look you, these are the stops.

GUILDENSTERN  But these cannot I command to any

utt'rance of harmony. I have not the skill.

HAMLET  Why, look you now, how unworthy a thing

you make of me! You would play upon me, you

would seem to know my stops, you would pluck

out the heart of my mystery, you would sound me

from my lowest note to the top of my compass;

and there is much music, excellent voice, in this

little organ, yet cannot you make it speak. 'Sblood,

do you think I am easier to be played on than a pipe?

Call me what instrument you will, though you can

fret me, you cannot play upon me.

[Enter Polonius.]

God bless you, sir.

POLONIUS  My lord, the Queen would speak with you,

and presently.

HAMLET  Do you see yonder cloud that's almost in

shape of a camel?

POLONIUS  By th' Mass, and 'tis like a camel indeed.

HAMLET  Methinks it is like a weasel.

POLONIUS  It is backed like a weasel.

HAMLET  Or like a whale.

POLONIUS  Very like a whale.

HAMLET  Then I will come to my mother by and by.

[Aside.] They fool me to the top of my bent.--I will

come by and by.

POLONIUS  I will say so.

HAMLET  "By and by" is easily said. Leave me,

friends.

[All but Hamlet exit.]

'Tis now the very witching time of night,

When churchyards yawn and hell itself breathes

out

Contagion to this world. Now could I drink hot

blood

And do such bitter business as the day

Would quake to look on. Soft, now to my mother.

O heart, lose not thy nature; let not ever

The soul of Nero enter this firm bosom.

Let me be cruel, not unnatural.

I will speak daggers to her, but use none.

My tongue and soul in this be hypocrites:

How in my words somever she be shent,

To give them seals never, my soul, consent.

[He exits.]

Scene 3

=======

[Enter King, Rosencrantz, and Guildenstern.]

KING

I like him not, nor stands it safe with us

To let his madness range. Therefore prepare you.

I your commission will forthwith dispatch,

And he to England shall along with you.

The terms of our estate may not endure

Hazard so near 's as doth hourly grow

Out of his brows.

GUILDENSTERN  We will ourselves provide.

Most holy and religious fear it is

To keep those many many bodies safe

That live and feed upon your Majesty.

ROSENCRANTZ

The single and peculiar life is bound

With all the strength and armor of the mind

To keep itself from noyance, but much more

That spirit upon whose weal depends and rests

The lives of many. The cess of majesty

Dies not alone, but like a gulf doth draw

What's near it with it; or it is a massy wheel

Fixed on the summit of the highest mount,

To whose huge spokes ten thousand lesser things

Are mortised and adjoined, which, when it falls,

Each small annexment, petty consequence,

Attends the boist'rous ruin. Never alone

Did the king sigh, but with a general groan.

KING

Arm you, I pray you, to this speedy voyage,

For we will fetters put about this fear,

Which now goes too free-footed.

ROSENCRANTZ  We will haste us.

[Rosencrantz and Guildenstern exit.]

[Enter Polonius.]

POLONIUS

My lord, he's going to his mother's closet.

Behind the arras I'll convey myself

To hear the process. I'll warrant she'll tax him

home;

And, as you said (and wisely was it said),

'Tis meet that some more audience than a mother,

Since nature makes them partial, should o'erhear

The speech of vantage. Fare you well, my liege.

I'll call upon you ere you go to bed

And tell you what I know.

KING  Thanks, dear my lord.

[Polonius exits.]

O, my offense is rank, it smells to heaven;

It hath the primal eldest curse upon 't,

A brother's murder. Pray can I not,

Though inclination be as sharp as will.

My stronger guilt defeats my strong intent,

And, like a man to double business bound,

I stand in pause where I shall first begin

And both neglect. What if this cursed hand

Were thicker than itself with brother's blood?

Is there not rain enough in the sweet heavens

To wash it white as snow? Whereto serves mercy

But to confront the visage of offense?

And what's in prayer but this twofold force,

To be forestalled ere we come to fall,

Or pardoned being down? Then I'll look up.

My fault is past. But, O, what form of prayer

Can serve my turn? "Forgive me my foul murder"?

That cannot be, since I am still possessed

Of those effects for which I did the murder:

My crown, mine own ambition, and my queen.

May one be pardoned and retain th' offense?

In the corrupted currents of this world,

Offense's gilded hand may shove by justice,

And oft 'tis seen the wicked prize itself

Buys out the law. But 'tis not so above:

There is no shuffling; there the action lies

In his true nature, and we ourselves compelled,

Even to the teeth and forehead of our faults,

To give in evidence. What then? What rests?

Try what repentance can. What can it not?

Yet what can it, when one cannot repent?

O wretched state! O bosom black as death!

O limed soul, that, struggling to be free,

Art more engaged! Help, angels! Make assay.

Bow, stubborn knees, and heart with strings of steel

Be soft as sinews of the newborn babe.

All may be well. [He kneels.]

[Enter Hamlet.]

HAMLET

Now might I do it pat, now he is a-praying,

And now I'll do 't. [He draws his sword.]

And so he goes to heaven,

And so am I revenged. That would be scanned:

A villain kills my father, and for that,

I, his sole son, do this same villain send

To heaven.

Why, this is hire and salary, not revenge.

He took my father grossly, full of bread,

With all his crimes broad blown, as flush as May;

And how his audit stands who knows save heaven.

But in our circumstance and course of thought

'Tis heavy with him. And am I then revenged

To take him in the purging of his soul,

When he is fit and seasoned for his passage?

No.

Up sword, and know thou a more horrid hent.

[He sheathes his sword.]

When he is drunk asleep, or in his rage,

Or in th' incestuous pleasure of his bed,

At game, a-swearing, or about some act

That has no relish of salvation in 't--

Then trip him, that his heels may kick at heaven,

And that his soul may be as damned and black

As hell, whereto it goes. My mother stays.

This physic but prolongs thy sickly days.

[Hamlet exits.]

KING, [rising]

My words fly up, my thoughts remain below;

Words without thoughts never to heaven go.

[He exits.]

Scene 4

=======

[Enter Queen and Polonius.]

POLONIUS

He will come straight. Look you lay home to him.

Tell him his pranks have been too broad to bear

with

And that your Grace hath screened and stood

between

Much heat and him. I'll silence me even here.

Pray you, be round with him.

HAMLET, [within]  Mother, mother, mother!

QUEEN  I'll warrant you. Fear me not. Withdraw,

I hear him coming.

[Polonius hides behind the arras.]

[Enter Hamlet.]

HAMLET  Now, mother, what's the matter?

QUEEN

Hamlet, thou hast thy father much offended.

HAMLET

Mother, you have my father much offended.

QUEEN

Come, come, you answer with an idle tongue.

HAMLET

Go, go, you question with a wicked tongue.

QUEEN

Why, how now, Hamlet?

HAMLET  What's the matter now?

QUEEN

Have you forgot me?

HAMLET  No, by the rood, not so.

You are the Queen, your husband's brother's wife,

And (would it were not so) you are my mother.

QUEEN

Nay, then I'll set those to you that can speak.

HAMLET

Come, come, and sit you down; you shall not budge.

You go not till I set you up a glass

Where you may see the inmost part of you.

QUEEN

What wilt thou do? Thou wilt not murder me?

Help, ho!

POLONIUS, [behind the arras]  What ho! Help!

HAMLET

How now, a rat? Dead for a ducat, dead.

[He kills Polonius by thrusting a rapier

through the arras.]

POLONIUS, [behind the arras]

O, I am slain!

QUEEN  O me, what hast thou done?

HAMLET  Nay, I know not. Is it the King?

QUEEN

O, what a rash and bloody deed is this!

HAMLET

A bloody deed--almost as bad, good mother,

As kill a king and marry with his brother.

QUEEN

As kill a king?

HAMLET  Ay, lady, it was my word.

[He pulls Polonius' body from behind the arras.]

Thou wretched, rash, intruding fool, farewell.

I took thee for thy better. Take thy fortune.

Thou find'st to be too busy is some danger.

[To Queen.] Leave wringing of your hands. Peace, sit

you down,

And let me wring your heart; for so I shall

If it be made of penetrable stuff,

If damned custom have not brazed it so

That it be proof and bulwark against sense.

QUEEN

What have I done, that thou dar'st wag thy tongue

In noise so rude against me?

HAMLET  Such an act

That blurs the grace and blush of modesty,

Calls virtue hypocrite, takes off the rose

From the fair forehead of an innocent love

And sets a blister there, makes marriage vows

As false as dicers' oaths--O, such a deed

As from the body of contraction plucks

The very soul, and sweet religion makes

A rhapsody of words! Heaven's face does glow

O'er this solidity and compound mass

With heated visage, as against the doom,

Is thought-sick at the act.

QUEEN  Ay me, what act

That roars so loud and thunders in the index?

HAMLET

Look here upon this picture and on this,

The counterfeit presentment of two brothers.

See what a grace was seated on this brow,

Hyperion's curls, the front of Jove himself,

An eye like Mars' to threaten and command,

A station like the herald Mercury

New-lighted on a heaven-kissing hill,

A combination and a form indeed

Where every god did seem to set his seal

To give the world assurance of a man.

This was your husband. Look you now what follows.

Here is your husband, like a mildewed ear

Blasting his wholesome brother. Have you eyes?

Could you on this fair mountain leave to feed

And batten on this moor? Ha! Have you eyes?

You cannot call it love, for at your age

The heyday in the blood is tame, it's humble

And waits upon the judgment; and what judgment

Would step from this to this? Sense sure you have,

Else could you not have motion; but sure that sense

Is apoplexed; for madness would not err,

Nor sense to ecstasy was ne'er so thralled,

But it reserved some quantity of choice

To serve in such a difference. What devil was 't

That thus hath cozened you at hoodman-blind?

Eyes without feeling, feeling without sight,

Ears without hands or eyes, smelling sans all,

Or but a sickly part of one true sense

Could not so mope. O shame, where is thy blush?

Rebellious hell,

If thou canst mutine in a matron's bones,

To flaming youth let virtue be as wax

And melt in her own fire. Proclaim no shame

When the compulsive ardor gives the charge,

Since frost itself as actively doth burn,

And reason panders will.

QUEEN  O Hamlet, speak no more!

Thou turn'st my eyes into my very soul,

And there I see such black and grained spots

As will not leave their tinct.

HAMLET  Nay, but to live

In the rank sweat of an enseamed bed,

Stewed in corruption, honeying and making love

Over the nasty sty!

QUEEN  O, speak to me no more!

These words like daggers enter in my ears.

No more, sweet Hamlet!

HAMLET  A murderer and a villain,

A slave that is not twentieth part the tithe

Of your precedent lord; a vice of kings,

A cutpurse of the empire and the rule,

That from a shelf the precious diadem stole

And put it in his pocket--

QUEEN  No more!

HAMLET  A king of shreds and patches--

[Enter Ghost.]

Save me and hover o'er me with your wings,

You heavenly guards!--What would your gracious

figure?

QUEEN  Alas, he's mad.

HAMLET

Do you not come your tardy son to chide,

That, lapsed in time and passion, lets go by

Th' important acting of your dread command?

O, say!

GHOST  Do not forget. This visitation

Is but to whet thy almost blunted purpose.

But look, amazement on thy mother sits.

O, step between her and her fighting soul.

Conceit in weakest bodies strongest works.

Speak to her, Hamlet.

HAMLET  How is it with you, lady?

QUEEN  Alas, how is 't with you,

That you do bend your eye on vacancy

And with th' incorporal air do hold discourse?

Forth at your eyes your spirits wildly peep,

And, as the sleeping soldiers in th' alarm,

Your bedded hair, like life in excrements,

Start up and stand an end. O gentle son,

Upon the heat and flame of thy distemper

Sprinkle cool patience! Whereon do you look?

HAMLET

On him, on him! Look you how pale he glares.

His form and cause conjoined, preaching to stones,

Would make them capable. [To the Ghost.] Do not

look upon me,

Lest with this piteous action you convert

My stern effects. Then what I have to do

Will want true color--tears perchance for blood.

QUEEN  To whom do you speak this?

HAMLET  Do you see nothing there?

QUEEN

Nothing at all; yet all that is I see.

HAMLET  Nor did you nothing hear?

QUEEN  No, nothing but ourselves.

HAMLET

Why, look you there, look how it steals away!

My father, in his habit as he lived!

Look where he goes even now out at the portal!

[Ghost exits.]

QUEEN

This is the very coinage of your brain.

This bodiless creation ecstasy

Is very cunning in.

HAMLET  Ecstasy?

My pulse as yours doth temperately keep time

And makes as healthful music. It is not madness

That I have uttered. Bring me to the test,

And I the matter will reword, which madness

Would gambol from. Mother, for love of grace,

Lay not that flattering unction to your soul

That not your trespass but my madness speaks.

It will but skin and film the ulcerous place,

Whiles rank corruption, mining all within,

Infects unseen. Confess yourself to heaven,

Repent what's past, avoid what is to come,

And do not spread the compost on the weeds

To make them ranker. Forgive me this my virtue,

For, in the fatness of these pursy times,

Virtue itself of vice must pardon beg,

Yea, curb and woo for leave to do him good.

QUEEN

O Hamlet, thou hast cleft my heart in twain!

HAMLET

O, throw away the worser part of it,

And live the purer with the other half!

Good night. But go not to my uncle's bed.

Assume a virtue if you have it not.

That monster, custom, who all sense doth eat,

Of habits devil, is angel yet in this,

That to the use of actions fair and good

He likewise gives a frock or livery

That aptly is put on. Refrain tonight,

And that shall lend a kind of easiness

To the next abstinence, the next more easy;

For use almost can change the stamp of nature

And either ... the devil or throw him out

With wondrous potency. Once more, good night,

And, when you are desirous to be blest,

I'll blessing beg of you. For this same lord

[Pointing to Polonius.]

I do repent; but heaven hath pleased it so

To punish me with this and this with me,

That I must be their scourge and minister.

I will bestow him and will answer well

The death I gave him. So, again, good night.

I must be cruel only to be kind.

This bad begins, and worse remains behind.

One word more, good lady.

QUEEN  What shall I do?

HAMLET

Not this by no means that I bid you do:

Let the bloat king tempt you again to bed,

Pinch wanton on your cheek, call you his mouse,

And let him, for a pair of reechy kisses

Or paddling in your neck with his damned fingers,

Make you to ravel all this matter out

That I essentially am not in madness,

But mad in craft. 'Twere good you let him know,

For who that's but a queen, fair, sober, wise,

Would from a paddock, from a bat, a gib,

Such dear concernings hide? Who would do so?

No, in despite of sense and secrecy,

Unpeg the basket on the house's top,

Let the birds fly, and like the famous ape,

To try conclusions, in the basket creep

And break your own neck down.

QUEEN

Be thou assured, if words be made of breath

And breath of life, I have no life to breathe

What thou hast said to me.

HAMLET

I must to England, you know that.

QUEEN  Alack,

I had forgot! 'Tis so concluded on.

HAMLET

There's letters sealed; and my two schoolfellows,

Whom I will trust as I will adders fanged,

They bear the mandate; they must sweep my way

And marshal me to knavery. Let it work,

For 'tis the sport to have the enginer

Hoist with his own petard; and 't shall go hard

But I will delve one yard below their mines

And blow them at the moon. O, 'tis most sweet

When in one line two crafts directly meet.

This man shall set me packing.

I'll lug the guts into the neighbor room.

Mother, good night indeed. This counselor

Is now most still, most secret, and most grave,

Who was in life a foolish prating knave.--

Come, sir, to draw toward an end with you.--

Good night, mother.

[They exit, Hamlet tugging in Polonius.]

ACT 4

=====

Scene 1

=======

[Enter King and Queen, with Rosencrantz and

Guildenstern.]

KING

There's matter in these sighs; these profound heaves

You must translate; 'tis fit we understand them.

Where is your son?

QUEEN

Bestow this place on us a little while.

[Rosencrantz and Guildenstern exit.]

Ah, mine own lord, what have I seen tonight!

KING  What, Gertrude? How does Hamlet?

QUEEN

Mad as the sea and wind when both contend

Which is the mightier. In his lawless fit,

Behind the arras hearing something stir,

Whips out his rapier, cries "A rat, a rat,"

And in this brainish apprehension kills

The unseen good old man.

KING  O heavy deed!

It had been so with us, had we been there.

His liberty is full of threats to all--

To you yourself, to us, to everyone.

Alas, how shall this bloody deed be answered?

It will be laid to us, whose providence

Should have kept short, restrained, and out of haunt

This mad young man. But so much was our love,

We would not understand what was most fit,

But, like the owner of a foul disease,

To keep it from divulging, let it feed

Even on the pith of life. Where is he gone?

QUEEN

To draw apart the body he hath killed,

O'er whom his very madness, like some ore

Among a mineral of metals base,

Shows itself pure: he weeps for what is done.

KING  O Gertrude, come away!

The sun no sooner shall the mountains touch

But we will ship him hence; and this vile deed

We must with all our majesty and skill

Both countenance and excuse.--Ho, Guildenstern!

[Enter Rosencrantz and Guildenstern.]

Friends both, go join you with some further aid.

Hamlet in madness hath Polonius slain,

And from his mother's closet hath he dragged him.

Go seek him out, speak fair, and bring the body

Into the chapel. I pray you, haste in this.

[Rosencrantz and Guildenstern exit.]

Come, Gertrude, we'll call up our wisest friends

And let them know both what we mean to do

And what's untimely done. ...

Whose whisper o'er the world's diameter,

As level as the cannon to his blank

Transports his poisoned shot, may miss our name

And hit the woundless air. O, come away!

My soul is full of discord and dismay.

[They exit.]

Scene 2

=======

[Enter Hamlet.]

HAMLET  Safely stowed.

GENTLEMEN, [within]  Hamlet! Lord Hamlet!

HAMLET  But soft, what noise? Who calls on Hamlet?

O, here they come.

[Enter Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, and others.]

ROSENCRANTZ

What have you done, my lord, with the dead body?

HAMLET

Compounded it with dust, whereto 'tis kin.

ROSENCRANTZ

Tell us where 'tis, that we may take it thence

And bear it to the chapel.

HAMLET  Do not believe it.

ROSENCRANTZ  Believe what?

HAMLET  That I can keep your counsel and not mine

own. Besides, to be demanded of a sponge, what

replication should be made by the son of a king?

ROSENCRANTZ  Take you me for a sponge, my lord?

HAMLET  Ay, sir, that soaks up the King's countenance,

his rewards, his authorities. But such officers do the

King best service in the end. He keeps them like an

ape an apple in the corner of his jaw, first mouthed,

to be last swallowed. When he needs what you have

gleaned, it is but squeezing you, and, sponge, you

shall be dry again.

ROSENCRANTZ  I understand you not, my lord.

HAMLET  I am glad of it. A knavish speech sleeps in a

foolish ear.

ROSENCRANTZ  My lord, you must tell us where the

body is and go with us to the King.

HAMLET  The body is with the King, but the King is not

with the body. The King is a thing--

GUILDENSTERN  A "thing," my lord?

HAMLET  Of nothing. Bring me to him. Hide fox, and

all after!

[They exit.]

Scene 3

=======

[Enter King and two or three.]

KING

I have sent to seek him and to find the body.

How dangerous is it that this man goes loose!

Yet must not we put the strong law on him.

He's loved of the distracted multitude,

Who like not in their judgment, but their eyes;

And, where 'tis so, th' offender's scourge is weighed,

But never the offense. To bear all smooth and even,

This sudden sending him away must seem

Deliberate pause. Diseases desperate grown

By desperate appliance are relieved

Or not at all.

[Enter Rosencrantz.]

How now, what hath befallen?

ROSENCRANTZ

Where the dead body is bestowed, my lord,

We cannot get from him.

KING  But where is he?

ROSENCRANTZ

Without, my lord; guarded, to know your pleasure.

KING

Bring him before us.

ROSENCRANTZ  Ho! Bring in the lord.

[They enter with Hamlet.]

KING  Now, Hamlet, where's Polonius?

HAMLET  At supper.

KING  At supper where?

HAMLET  Not where he eats, but where he is eaten. A

certain convocation of politic worms are e'en at

him. Your worm is your only emperor for diet. We

fat all creatures else to fat us, and we fat ourselves

for maggots. Your fat king and your lean beggar is

but variable service--two dishes but to one table.

That's the end.

KING  Alas, alas!

HAMLET  A man may fish with the worm that hath eat

of a king and eat of the fish that hath fed of that

worm.

KING  What dost thou mean by this?

HAMLET  Nothing but to show you how a king may go a

progress through the guts of a beggar.

KING  Where is Polonius?

HAMLET  In heaven. Send thither to see. If your messenger

find him not there, seek him i' th' other

place yourself. But if, indeed, you find him not

within this month, you shall nose him as you go up

the stairs into the lobby.

KING, [to Attendants.]  Go, seek him there.

HAMLET  He will stay till you come. [Attendants exit.]

KING

Hamlet, this deed, for thine especial safety

(Which we do tender, as we dearly grieve

For that which thou hast done) must send thee

hence

With fiery quickness. Therefore prepare thyself.

The bark is ready, and the wind at help,

Th' associates tend, and everything is bent

For England.

HAMLET  For England?

KING  Ay, Hamlet.

HAMLET  Good.

KING

So is it, if thou knew'st our purposes.

HAMLET

I see a cherub that sees them. But come, for

England.

Farewell, dear mother.

KING  Thy loving father, Hamlet.

HAMLET

My mother. Father and mother is man and wife,

Man and wife is one flesh, and so, my mother.--

Come, for England. [He exits.]

KING

Follow him at foot; tempt him with speed aboard.

Delay it not. I'll have him hence tonight.

Away, for everything is sealed and done

That else leans on th' affair. Pray you, make haste.

[All but the King exit.]

And England, if my love thou hold'st at aught

(As my great power thereof may give thee sense,

Since yet thy cicatrice looks raw and red

After the Danish sword, and thy free awe

Pays homage to us), thou mayst not coldly set

Our sovereign process, which imports at full,

By letters congruing to that effect,

The present death of Hamlet. Do it, England,

For like the hectic in my blood he rages,

And thou must cure me. Till I know 'tis done,

Howe'er my haps, my joys will ne'er begin.

[He exits.]

Scene 4

=======

[Enter Fortinbras with his army over the stage.]

FORTINBRAS

Go, Captain, from me greet the Danish king.

Tell him that by his license Fortinbras

Craves the conveyance of a promised march

Over his kingdom. You know the rendezvous.

If that his Majesty would aught with us,

We shall express our duty in his eye;

And let him know so.

CAPTAIN  I will do 't, my lord.

FORTINBRAS  Go softly on. [All but the Captain exit.]

[Enter Hamlet, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, and others.]

HAMLET  Good sir, whose powers are these?

CAPTAIN  They are of Norway, sir.

HAMLET  How purposed, sir, I pray you?

CAPTAIN  Against some part of Poland.

HAMLET  Who commands them, sir?

CAPTAIN

The nephew to old Norway, Fortinbras.

HAMLET

Goes it against the main of Poland, sir,

Or for some frontier?

CAPTAIN

Truly to speak, and with no addition,

We go to gain a little patch of ground

That hath in it no profit but the name.

To pay five ducats, five, I would not farm it;

Nor will it yield to Norway or the Pole

A ranker rate, should it be sold in fee.

HAMLET

Why, then, the Polack never will defend it.

CAPTAIN

Yes, it is already garrisoned.

HAMLET

Two thousand souls and twenty thousand ducats

Will not debate the question of this straw.

This is th' impostume of much wealth and peace,

That inward breaks and shows no cause without

Why the man dies.--I humbly thank you, sir.

CAPTAIN  God be wi' you, sir. [He exits.]

ROSENCRANTZ  Will 't please you go, my lord?

HAMLET

I'll be with you straight. Go a little before.

[All but Hamlet exit.]

How all occasions do inform against me

And spur my dull revenge. What is a man

If his chief good and market of his time

Be but to sleep and feed? A beast, no more.

Sure He that made us with such large discourse,

Looking before and after, gave us not

That capability and godlike reason

To fust in us unused. Now whether it be

Bestial oblivion or some craven scruple

Of thinking too precisely on th' event

(A thought which, quartered, hath but one part

wisdom

And ever three parts coward), I do not know

Why yet I live to say "This thing's to do,"

Sith I have cause, and will, and strength, and means

To do 't. Examples gross as Earth exhort me:

Witness this army of such mass and charge,

Led by a delicate and tender prince,

Whose spirit with divine ambition puffed

Makes mouths at the invisible event,

Exposing what is mortal and unsure

To all that fortune, death, and danger dare,

Even for an eggshell. Rightly to be great

Is not to stir without great argument,

But greatly to find quarrel in a straw

When honor's at the stake. How stand I, then,

That have a father killed, a mother stained,

Excitements of my reason and my blood,

And let all sleep, while to my shame I see

The imminent death of twenty thousand men

That for a fantasy and trick of fame

Go to their graves like beds, fight for a plot

Whereon the numbers cannot try the cause,

Which is not tomb enough and continent

To hide the slain? O, from this time forth

My thoughts be bloody or be nothing worth!

[He exits.]

Scene 5

=======

[Enter Horatio, Queen, and a Gentleman.]

QUEEN  I will not speak with her.

GENTLEMAN  She is importunate,

Indeed distract; her mood will needs be pitied.

QUEEN  What would she have?

GENTLEMAN

She speaks much of her father, says she hears

There's tricks i' th' world, and hems, and beats her

heart,

Spurns enviously at straws, speaks things in doubt

That carry but half sense. Her speech is nothing,

Yet the unshaped use of it doth move

The hearers to collection. They aim at it

And botch the words up fit to their own thoughts;

Which, as her winks and nods and gestures yield

them,

Indeed would make one think there might be

thought,

Though nothing sure, yet much unhappily.

HORATIO

'Twere good she were spoken with, for she may

strew

Dangerous conjectures in ill-breeding minds.

QUEEN  Let her come in. [Gentleman exits.]

[Aside.] To my sick soul (as sin's true nature is),

Each toy seems prologue to some great amiss.

So full of artless jealousy is guilt,

It spills itself in fearing to be spilt.

[Enter Ophelia distracted.]

OPHELIA

Where is the beauteous Majesty of Denmark?

QUEEN  How now, Ophelia?

OPHELIA [sings]

How should I your true love know

   From another one?

By his cockle hat and staff

   And his sandal shoon.

QUEEN

Alas, sweet lady, what imports this song?

OPHELIA  Say you? Nay, pray you, mark.

[Sings.] He is dead and gone, lady,

   He is dead and gone;

At his head a grass-green turf,

   At his heels a stone.

Oh, ho!

QUEEN  Nay, but Ophelia--

OPHELIA  Pray you, mark.

[Sings.] White his shroud as the mountain snow--

[Enter King.]

QUEEN  Alas, look here, my lord.

OPHELIA [sings]

   Larded all with sweet flowers;

Which bewept to the ground did not go

   With true-love showers.

KING  How do you, pretty lady?

OPHELIA  Well, God dild you. They say the owl was a

baker's daughter. Lord, we know what we are but

know not what we may be. God be at your table.

KING  Conceit upon her father.

OPHELIA  Pray let's have no words of this, but when

they ask you what it means, say you this:

[Sings.] Tomorrow is Saint Valentine's day,

   All in the morning betime,

And I a maid at your window,

   To be your Valentine.

Then up he rose and donned his clothes

   And dupped the chamber door,

Let in the maid, that out a maid

   Never departed more.

KING  Pretty Ophelia--

OPHELIA

Indeed, without an oath, I'll make an end on 't:

[Sings.] By Gis and by Saint Charity,

   Alack and fie for shame,

Young men will do 't, if they come to 't;

   By Cock, they are to blame.

Quoth she "Before you tumbled me,

   You promised me to wed."

He answers:

"So would I 'a done, by yonder sun,

   An thou hadst not come to my bed."

KING  How long hath she been thus?

OPHELIA  I hope all will be well. We must be patient,

but I cannot choose but weep to think they would

lay him i' th' cold ground. My brother shall know of

it. And so I thank you for your good counsel. Come,

my coach! Good night, ladies, good night, sweet

ladies, good night, good night. [She exits.]

KING

Follow her close; give her good watch, I pray you.

[Horatio exits.]

O, this is the poison of deep grief. It springs

All from her father's death, and now behold!

O Gertrude, Gertrude,

When sorrows come, they come not single spies,

But in battalions: first, her father slain;

Next, your son gone, and he most violent author

Of his own just remove; the people muddied,

Thick, and unwholesome in their thoughts and

whispers

For good Polonius' death, and we have done but

greenly

In hugger-mugger to inter him; poor Ophelia

Divided from herself and her fair judgment,

Without the which we are pictures or mere beasts;

Last, and as much containing as all these,

Her brother is in secret come from France,

Feeds on his wonder, keeps himself in clouds,

And wants not buzzers to infect his ear

With pestilent speeches of his father's death,

Wherein necessity, of matter beggared,

Will nothing stick our person to arraign

In ear and ear. O, my dear Gertrude, this,

Like to a murd'ring piece, in many places

Gives me superfluous death.

[A noise within.]

QUEEN  Alack, what noise is this?

KING  Attend!

Where is my Switzers? Let them guard the door.

[Enter a Messenger.]

What is the matter?

MESSENGER  Save yourself, my lord.

The ocean, overpeering of his list,

Eats not the flats with more impiteous haste

Than young Laertes, in a riotous head,

O'erbears your officers. The rabble call him "lord,"

And, as the world were now but to begin,

Antiquity forgot, custom not known,

The ratifiers and props of every word,

They cry "Choose we, Laertes shall be king!"

Caps, hands, and tongues applaud it to the clouds,

"Laertes shall be king! Laertes king!"

[A noise within.]

QUEEN

How cheerfully on the false trail they cry.

O, this is counter, you false Danish dogs!

KING  The doors are broke.

[Enter Laertes with others.

]

LAERTES

Where is this king?--Sirs, stand you all without.

ALL  No, let's come in!

LAERTES  I pray you, give me leave.

ALL  We will, we will.

LAERTES

I thank you. Keep the door. [Followers exit.] O, thou

vile king,

Give me my father!

QUEEN  Calmly, good Laertes.

LAERTES

That drop of blood that's calm proclaims me

bastard,

Cries "cuckold" to my father, brands the harlot

Even here between the chaste unsmirched brow

Of my true mother.

KING  What is the cause, Laertes,

That thy rebellion looks so giant-like?--

Let him go, Gertrude. Do not fear our person.

There's such divinity doth hedge a king

That treason can but peep to what it would,

Acts little of his will.--Tell me, Laertes,

Why thou art thus incensed.--Let him go,

Gertrude.--

Speak, man.

LAERTES  Where is my father?

KING  Dead.

QUEEN

But not by him.

KING  Let him demand his fill.

LAERTES

How came he dead? I'll not be juggled with.

To hell, allegiance! Vows, to the blackest devil!

Conscience and grace, to the profoundest pit!

I dare damnation. To this point I stand,

That both the worlds I give to negligence,

Let come what comes, only I'll be revenged

Most throughly for my father.

KING  Who shall stay you?

LAERTES  My will, not all the world.

And for my means, I'll husband them so well

They shall go far with little.

KING  Good Laertes,

If you desire to know the certainty

Of your dear father, is 't writ in your revenge

That, swoopstake, you will draw both friend and

foe,

Winner and loser?

LAERTES  None but his enemies.

KING  Will you know them, then?

LAERTES

To his good friends thus wide I'll ope my arms

And, like the kind life-rend'ring pelican,

Repast them with my blood.

KING  Why, now you speak

Like a good child and a true gentleman.

That I am guiltless of your father's death

And am most sensibly in grief for it,

It shall as level to your judgment 'pear

As day does to your eye.

  [A noise within:] "Let her come in!"

LAERTES  How now, what noise is that?

[Enter Ophelia.]

O heat, dry up my brains! Tears seven times salt

Burn out the sense and virtue of mine eye!

By heaven, thy madness shall be paid with weight

Till our scale turn the beam! O rose of May,

Dear maid, kind sister, sweet Ophelia!

O heavens, is 't possible a young maid's wits

Should be as mortal as an old man's life?

Nature is fine in love, and, where 'tis fine,

It sends some precious instance of itself

After the thing it loves.

OPHELIA [sings]

They bore him barefaced on the bier,

Hey non nonny, nonny, hey nonny,

And in his grave rained many a tear.

Fare you well, my dove.

LAERTES

Hadst thou thy wits and didst persuade revenge,

It could not move thus.

OPHELIA  You must sing "A-down a-down"--and you

"Call him a-down-a."--O, how the wheel becomes

it! It is the false steward that stole his master's

daughter.

LAERTES  This nothing's more than matter.

OPHELIA  There's rosemary, that's for remembrance.

Pray you, love, remember. And there is pansies,

that's for thoughts.

LAERTES  A document in madness: thoughts and remembrance

fitted.

OPHELIA  There's fennel for you, and columbines.

There's rue for you, and here's some for me; we

may call it herb of grace o' Sundays. You must wear

your rue with a difference. There's a daisy. I would

give you some violets, but they withered all when

my father died. They say he made a good end.

[Sings.] For bonny sweet Robin is all my joy.

LAERTES

Thought and afflictions, passion, hell itself

She turns to favor and to prettiness.

OPHELIA [sings]

And will he not come again?

And will he not come again?

   No, no, he is dead.

   Go to thy deathbed.

He never will come again.

His beard was as white as snow,

All flaxen was his poll.

   He is gone, he is gone,

   And we cast away moan.

God 'a mercy on his soul.

And of all Christians' souls, I pray God. God be wi'

you. [She exits.]

LAERTES  Do you see this, O God?

KING

Laertes, I must commune with your grief,

Or you deny me right. Go but apart,

Make choice of whom your wisest friends you will,

And they shall hear and judge 'twixt you and me.

If by direct or by collateral hand

They find us touched, we will our kingdom give,

Our crown, our life, and all that we call ours,

To you in satisfaction; but if not,

Be you content to lend your patience to us,

And we shall jointly labor with your soul

To give it due content.

LAERTES  Let this be so.

His means of death, his obscure funeral

(No trophy, sword, nor hatchment o'er his bones,

No noble rite nor formal ostentation)

Cry to be heard, as 'twere from heaven to earth,

That I must call 't in question.

KING  So you shall,

And where th' offense is, let the great ax fall.

I pray you, go with me.

[They exit.]

Scene 6

=======

[Enter Horatio and others.]

HORATIO  What are they that would speak with me?

GENTLEMAN  Seafaring men, sir. They say they have

letters for you.

HORATIO  Let them come in. [Gentleman exits.] I do not

know from what part of the world I should be

greeted, if not from Lord Hamlet.

[Enter Sailors.]

SAILOR  God bless you, sir.

HORATIO  Let Him bless thee too.

SAILOR  He shall, sir, an 't please Him. There's a letter

for you, sir. It came from th' ambassador that was

bound for England--if your name be Horatio, as I

am let to know it is. [He hands Horatio a letter.]

HORATIO [reads the letter]  Horatio, when thou shalt have

overlooked this, give these fellows some means to the

King. They have letters for him. Ere we were two days

old at sea, a pirate of very warlike appointment gave

us chase. Finding ourselves too slow of sail, we put on

a compelled valor, and in the grapple I boarded them.

On the instant, they got clear of our ship; so I alone

became their prisoner. They have dealt with me like

thieves of mercy, but they knew what they did: I am to

do a good turn for them. Let the King have the letters

I have sent, and repair thou to me with as much speed

as thou wouldst fly death. I have words to speak in

thine ear will make thee dumb; yet are they much too

light for the bore of the matter. These good fellows

will bring thee where I am. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern

hold their course for England; of them I have

much to tell thee. Farewell.

He that thou knowest thine,

Hamlet.

Come, I will give you way for these your letters

And do 't the speedier that you may direct me

To him from whom you brought them.

[They exit.]

Scene 7

=======

[Enter King and Laertes.]

KING

Now must your conscience my acquittance seal,

And you must put me in your heart for friend,

Sith you have heard, and with a knowing ear,

That he which hath your noble father slain

Pursued my life.

LAERTES  It well appears. But tell me

Why you proceeded not against these feats,

So criminal and so capital in nature,

As by your safety, greatness, wisdom, all things else,

You mainly were stirred up.

KING  O, for two special reasons,

Which may to you perhaps seem much unsinewed,

But yet to me they're strong. The Queen his mother

Lives almost by his looks, and for myself

(My virtue or my plague, be it either which),

She is so conjunctive to my life and soul

That, as the star moves not but in his sphere,

I could not but by her. The other motive

Why to a public count I might not go

Is the great love the general gender bear him,

Who, dipping all his faults in their affection,

Work like the spring that turneth wood to stone,

Convert his gyves to graces, so that my arrows,

Too slightly timbered for so loud a wind,

Would have reverted to my bow again,

But not where I have aimed them.

LAERTES

And so have I a noble father lost,

A sister driven into desp'rate terms,

Whose worth, if praises may go back again,

Stood challenger on mount of all the age

For her perfections. But my revenge will come.

KING

Break not your sleeps for that. You must not think

That we are made of stuff so flat and dull

That we can let our beard be shook with danger

And think it pastime. You shortly shall hear more.

I loved your father, and we love ourself,

And that, I hope, will teach you to imagine--

[Enter a Messenger with letters.]

How now? What news?

MESSENGER  Letters, my lord, from

Hamlet.

These to your Majesty, this to the Queen.

KING  From Hamlet? Who brought them?

MESSENGER

Sailors, my lord, they say. I saw them not.

They were given me by Claudio. He received them

Of him that brought them.

KING  Laertes, you shall hear

them.--

Leave us. [Messenger exits.]

[Reads.] High and mighty, you shall know I am set

naked on your kingdom. Tomorrow shall I beg leave to

see your kingly eyes, when I shall (first asking your

pardon) thereunto recount the occasion of my sudden

and more strange return. Hamlet.

What should this mean? Are all the rest come back?

Or is it some abuse and no such thing?

LAERTES  Know you the hand?

KING  'Tis Hamlet's character. "Naked"--

And in a postscript here, he says "alone."

Can you advise me?

LAERTES

I am lost in it, my lord. But let him come.

It warms the very sickness in my heart

That I shall live and tell him to his teeth

"Thus didst thou."

KING  If it be so, Laertes

(As how should it be so? how otherwise?),

Will you be ruled by me?

LAERTES  Ay, my lord,

So you will not o'errule me to a peace.

KING

To thine own peace. If he be now returned,

As checking at his voyage, and that he means

No more to undertake it, I will work him

To an exploit, now ripe in my device,

Under the which he shall not choose but fall;

And for his death no wind of blame shall breathe,

But even his mother shall uncharge the practice

And call it accident.

LAERTES  My lord, I will be ruled,

The rather if you could devise it so

That I might be the organ.

KING  It falls right.

You have been talked of since your travel much,

And that in Hamlet's hearing, for a quality

Wherein they say you shine. Your sum of parts

Did not together pluck such envy from him

As did that one, and that, in my regard,

Of the unworthiest siege.

LAERTES  What part is that, my lord?

KING

A very ribbon in the cap of youth--

Yet needful too, for youth no less becomes

The light and careless livery that it wears

Than settled age his sables and his weeds,

Importing health and graveness. Two months since

Here was a gentleman of Normandy.

I have seen myself, and served against, the French,

And they can well on horseback, but this gallant

Had witchcraft in 't. He grew unto his seat,

And to such wondrous doing brought his horse

As had he been encorpsed and demi-natured

With the brave beast. So far he topped my thought

That I in forgery of shapes and tricks

Come short of what he did.

LAERTES  A Norman was 't?

KING  A Norman.

LAERTES

Upon my life, Lamord.

KING  The very same.

LAERTES

I know him well. He is the brooch indeed

And gem of all the nation.

KING  He made confession of you

And gave you such a masterly report

For art and exercise in your defense,

And for your rapier most especial,

That he cried out 'twould be a sight indeed

If one could match you. The 'scrimers of their

nation

He swore had neither motion, guard, nor eye,

If you opposed them. Sir, this report of his

Did Hamlet so envenom with his envy

That he could nothing do but wish and beg

Your sudden coming-o'er, to play with you.

Now out of this--

LAERTES  What out of this, my lord?

KING

Laertes, was your father dear to you?

Or are you like the painting of a sorrow,

A face without a heart?

LAERTES  Why ask you this?

KING

Not that I think you did not love your father,

But that I know love is begun by time

And that I see, in passages of proof,

Time qualifies the spark and fire of it.

There lives within the very flame of love

A kind of wick or snuff that will abate it,

And nothing is at a like goodness still;

For goodness, growing to a pleurisy,

Dies in his own too-much. That we would do

We should do when we would; for this "would"

changes

And hath abatements and delays as many

As there are tongues, are hands, are accidents;

And then this "should" is like a spendthrift sigh,

That hurts by easing. But to the quick of th' ulcer:

Hamlet comes back; what would you undertake

To show yourself indeed your father's son

More than in words?

LAERTES  To cut his throat i' th' church.

KING

No place indeed should murder sanctuarize;

Revenge should have no bounds. But, good Laertes,

Will you do this? Keep close within your chamber.

Hamlet, returned, shall know you are come home.

We'll put on those shall praise your excellence

And set a double varnish on the fame

The Frenchman gave you; bring you, in fine,

together

And wager on your heads. He, being remiss,

Most generous, and free from all contriving,

Will not peruse the foils, so that with ease,

Or with a little shuffling, you may choose

A sword unbated, and in a pass of practice

Requite him for your father.

LAERTES  I will do 't,

And for that purpose I'll anoint my sword.

I bought an unction of a mountebank

So mortal that, but dip a knife in it,

Where it draws blood no cataplasm so rare,

Collected from all simples that have virtue

Under the moon, can save the thing from death

That is but scratched withal. I'll touch my point

With this contagion, that, if I gall him slightly,

It may be death.

KING  Let's further think of this,

Weigh what convenience both of time and means

May fit us to our shape. If this should fail,

And that our drift look through our bad

performance,

'Twere better not assayed. Therefore this project

Should have a back or second that might hold

If this did blast in proof. Soft, let me see.

We'll make a solemn wager on your cunnings--

I ha 't!

When in your motion you are hot and dry

(As make your bouts more violent to that end)

And that he calls for drink, I'll have prepared

him

A chalice for the nonce, whereon but sipping,

If he by chance escape your venomed stuck,

Our purpose may hold there.--But stay, what

noise?

[Enter Queen.]

QUEEN

One woe doth tread upon another's heel,

So fast they follow. Your sister's drowned, Laertes.

LAERTES  Drowned? O, where?

QUEEN

There is a willow grows askant the brook

That shows his hoar leaves in the glassy stream.

Therewith fantastic garlands did she make

Of crowflowers, nettles, daisies, and long purples,

That liberal shepherds give a grosser name,

But our cold maids do "dead men's fingers" call

them.

There on the pendant boughs her coronet weeds

Clamb'ring to hang, an envious sliver broke,

When down her weedy trophies and herself

Fell in the weeping brook. Her clothes spread wide,

And mermaid-like awhile they bore her up,

Which time she chanted snatches of old lauds,

As one incapable of her own distress

Or like a creature native and endued

Unto that element. But long it could not be

Till that her garments, heavy with their drink,

Pulled the poor wretch from her melodious lay

To muddy death.

LAERTES  Alas, then she is drowned.

QUEEN  Drowned, drowned.

LAERTES

Too much of water hast thou, poor Ophelia,

And therefore I forbid my tears. But yet

It is our trick; nature her custom holds,

Let shame say what it will. When these are gone,

The woman will be out.--Adieu, my lord.

I have a speech o' fire that fain would blaze,

But that this folly drowns it. [He exits.]

KING  Let's follow, Gertrude.

How much I had to do to calm his rage!

Now fear I this will give it start again.

Therefore, let's follow.

[They exit.]

ACT 5

=====

Scene 1

=======

[Enter Gravedigger and Another.]

GRAVEDIGGER  Is she to be buried in Christian burial,

when she willfully seeks her own salvation?

OTHER  I tell thee she is. Therefore make her grave

straight. The crowner hath sat on her and finds it

Christian burial.

GRAVEDIGGER  How can that be, unless she drowned

herself in her own defense?

OTHER  Why, 'tis found so.

GRAVEDIGGER  It must be se offendendo; it cannot be

else. For here lies the point: if I drown myself

wittingly, it argues an act, and an act hath three

branches--it is to act, to do, to perform. Argal, she

drowned herself wittingly.

OTHER  Nay, but hear you, goodman delver--

GRAVEDIGGER  Give me leave. Here lies the water;

good. Here stands the man; good. If the man go to

this water and drown himself, it is (will he, nill he)

he goes; mark you that. But if the water come to him

and drown him, he drowns not himself. Argal, he

that is not guilty of his own death shortens not his

own life.

OTHER  But is this law?

GRAVEDIGGER  Ay, marry, is 't--crowner's 'quest law.

OTHER  Will you ha' the truth on 't? If this had not been

a gentlewoman, she should have been buried out o'

Christian burial.

GRAVEDIGGER  Why, there thou sayst. And the more

pity that great folk should have count'nance in this

world to drown or hang themselves more than

their even-Christian. Come, my spade. There is no

ancient gentlemen but gard'ners, ditchers, and

grave-makers. They hold up Adam's profession.

OTHER  Was he a gentleman?

GRAVEDIGGER  He was the first that ever bore arms.

OTHER  Why, he had none.

GRAVEDIGGER  What, art a heathen? How dost thou

understand the scripture? The scripture says Adam

digged. Could he dig without arms? I'll put another

question to thee. If thou answerest me not to the

purpose, confess thyself--

OTHER  Go to!

GRAVEDIGGER  What is he that builds stronger than

either the mason, the shipwright, or the carpenter?

OTHER  The gallows-maker; for that frame outlives a

thousand tenants.

GRAVEDIGGER  I like thy wit well, in good faith. The

gallows does well. But how does it well? It does

well to those that do ill. Now, thou dost ill to say the

gallows is built stronger than the church. Argal, the

gallows may do well to thee. To 't again, come.

OTHER  "Who builds stronger than a mason, a shipwright,

or a carpenter?"

GRAVEDIGGER  Ay, tell me that, and unyoke.

OTHER  Marry, now I can tell.

GRAVEDIGGER  To 't.

OTHER  Mass, I cannot tell.

[Enter Hamlet and Horatio afar off.]

GRAVEDIGGER  Cudgel thy brains no more about it,

for your dull ass will not mend his pace with

beating. And, when you are asked this question

next, say "a grave-maker." The houses he makes

lasts till doomsday. Go, get thee in, and fetch me a

stoup of liquor.

[The Other Man exits

and the Gravedigger digs and sings.]

In youth when I did love, did love,

   Methought it was very sweet

To contract--O--the time for--a--my behove,

   O, methought there--a--was nothing--a--meet.

HAMLET  Has this fellow no feeling of his business? He

sings in grave-making.

HORATIO  Custom hath made it in him a property of

easiness.

HAMLET  'Tis e'en so. The hand of little employment

hath the daintier sense.

GRAVEDIGGER [sings]

But age with his stealing steps

Hath clawed me in his clutch,

And hath shipped me into the land,

As if I had never been such.

[He digs up a skull.]

HAMLET  That skull had a tongue in it and could sing

once. How the knave jowls it to the ground as if

'twere Cain's jawbone, that did the first murder!

This might be the pate of a politician which this ass

now o'erreaches, one that would circumvent God,

might it not?

HORATIO  It might, my lord.

HAMLET  Or of a courtier, which could say "Good

morrow, sweet lord! How dost thou, sweet lord?"

This might be my Lord Such-a-one that praised my

Lord Such-a-one's horse when he went to beg it,

might it not?

HORATIO  Ay, my lord.

HAMLET  Why, e'en so. And now my Lady Worm's,

chapless and knocked about the mazard with a

sexton's spade. Here's fine revolution, an we had

the trick to see 't. Did these bones cost no more the

breeding but to play at loggets with them? Mine

ache to think on 't.

GRAVEDIGGER [sings]

A pickax and a spade, a spade,

For and a shrouding sheet,

O, a pit of clay for to be made

For such a guest is meet.

[He digs up more skulls.]

HAMLET  There's another. Why may not that be the

skull of a lawyer? Where be his quiddities now, his

quillities, his cases, his tenures, and his tricks? Why

does he suffer this mad knave now to knock him

about the sconce with a dirty shovel and will not tell

him of his action of battery? Hum, this fellow might

be in 's time a great buyer of land, with his statutes,

his recognizances, his fines, his double vouchers,

his recoveries. Is this the fine of his fines and the

recovery of his recoveries, to have his fine pate full

of fine dirt? Will his vouchers vouch him no more

of his purchases, and double ones too, than the

length and breadth of a pair of indentures? The very

conveyances of his lands will scarcely lie in this box,

and must th' inheritor himself have no more, ha?

HORATIO  Not a jot more, my lord.

HAMLET  Is not parchment made of sheepskins?

HORATIO  Ay, my lord, and of calves' skins too.

HAMLET  They are sheep and calves which seek out

assurance in that. I will speak to this fellow.--

Whose grave's this, sirrah?

GRAVEDIGGER  Mine, sir.

[Sings.] O, a pit of clay for to be made

For such a guest is meet.

HAMLET  I think it be thine indeed, for thou liest in 't.

GRAVEDIGGER  You lie out on 't, sir, and therefore 'tis

not yours. For my part, I do not lie in 't, yet it is

mine.

HAMLET  Thou dost lie in 't, to be in 't and say it is thine.

'Tis for the dead, not for the quick; therefore thou

liest.

GRAVEDIGGER  'Tis a quick lie, sir; 'twill away again

from me to you.

HAMLET  What man dost thou dig it for?

GRAVEDIGGER  For no man, sir.

HAMLET  What woman then?

GRAVEDIGGER  For none, neither.

HAMLET  Who is to be buried in 't?

GRAVEDIGGER  One that was a woman, sir, but, rest

her soul, she's dead.

HAMLET  How absolute the knave is! We must speak by

the card, or equivocation will undo us. By the

Lord, Horatio, this three years I have took note of

it: the age is grown so picked that the toe of the

peasant comes so near the heel of the courtier, he

galls his kibe.--How long hast thou been

grave-maker?

GRAVEDIGGER  Of all the days i' th' year, I came to 't

that day that our last King Hamlet overcame

Fortinbras.

HAMLET  How long is that since?

GRAVEDIGGER  Cannot you tell that? Every fool can

tell that. It was that very day that young Hamlet

was born--he that is mad, and sent into England.

HAMLET  Ay, marry, why was he sent into England?

GRAVEDIGGER  Why, because he was mad. He shall

recover his wits there. Or if he do not, 'tis no great

matter there.

HAMLET  Why?

GRAVEDIGGER  'Twill not be seen in him there. There

the men are as mad as he.

HAMLET  How came he mad?

GRAVEDIGGER  Very strangely, they say.

HAMLET  How "strangely"?

GRAVEDIGGER  Faith, e'en with losing his wits.

HAMLET  Upon what ground?

GRAVEDIGGER  Why, here in Denmark. I have been

sexton here, man and boy, thirty years.

HAMLET  How long will a man lie i' th' earth ere he rot?

GRAVEDIGGER  Faith, if he be not rotten before he die

(as we have many pocky corses nowadays that will

scarce hold the laying in), he will last you some

eight year or nine year. A tanner will last you nine

year.

HAMLET  Why he more than another?

GRAVEDIGGER  Why, sir, his hide is so tanned with his

trade that he will keep out water a great while; and

your water is a sore decayer of your whoreson dead

body. Here's a skull now hath lien you i' th' earth

three-and-twenty years.

HAMLET  Whose was it?

GRAVEDIGGER  A whoreson mad fellow's it was.

Whose do you think it was?

HAMLET  Nay, I know not.

GRAVEDIGGER  A pestilence on him for a mad rogue!

He poured a flagon of Rhenish on my head once.

This same skull, sir, was, sir, Yorick's skull, the

King's jester.

HAMLET  This?

GRAVEDIGGER  E'en that.

HAMLET, [taking the skull]  Let me see. Alas, poor

Yorick! I knew him, Horatio--a fellow of infinite

jest, of most excellent fancy. He hath bore me on his

back a thousand times, and now how abhorred in

my imagination it is! My gorge rises at it. Here hung

those lips that I have kissed I know not how oft.

Where be your gibes now? your gambols? your

songs? your flashes of merriment that were wont to

set the table on a roar? Not one now to mock your

own grinning? Quite chapfallen? Now get you to my

lady's chamber, and tell her, let her paint an inch

thick, to this favor she must come. Make her laugh

at that.--Prithee, Horatio, tell me one thing.

HORATIO  What's that, my lord?

HAMLET  Dost thou think Alexander looked o' this

fashion i' th' earth?

HORATIO  E'en so.

HAMLET  And smelt so? Pah! [He puts the skull down.]

HORATIO  E'en so, my lord.

HAMLET  To what base uses we may return, Horatio!

Why may not imagination trace the noble dust of

Alexander till he find it stopping a bunghole?

HORATIO  'Twere to consider too curiously to consider

so.

HAMLET  No, faith, not a jot; but to follow him thither,

with modesty enough and likelihood to lead it, as

thus: Alexander died, Alexander was buried, Alexander

returneth to dust; the dust is earth; of earth

we make loam; and why of that loam whereto he

was converted might they not stop a beer barrel?

Imperious Caesar, dead and turned to clay,

Might stop a hole to keep the wind away.

O, that that earth which kept the world in awe

Should patch a wall t' expel the winter's flaw!

[Enter King, Queen, Laertes, Lords attendant, and the

corpse of Ophelia, with a Doctor of Divinity.]

But soft, but soft awhile! Here comes the King,

The Queen, the courtiers. Who is this they follow?

And with such maimed rites? This doth betoken

The corse they follow did with desp'rate hand

Fordo its own life. 'Twas of some estate.

Couch we awhile and mark. [They step aside.]

LAERTES  What ceremony else?

HAMLET  That is Laertes, a very noble youth. Mark.

LAERTES  What ceremony else?

DOCTOR

Her obsequies have been as far enlarged

As we have warranty. Her death was doubtful,

And, but that great command o'ersways the order,

She should in ground unsanctified been lodged

Till the last trumpet. For charitable prayers

Shards, flints, and pebbles should be thrown on

her.

Yet here she is allowed her virgin crants,

Her maiden strewments, and the bringing home

Of bell and burial.

LAERTES

Must there no more be done?

DOCTOR  No more be done.

We should profane the service of the dead

To sing a requiem and such rest to her

As to peace-parted souls.

LAERTES  Lay her i' th' earth,

And from her fair and unpolluted flesh

May violets spring! I tell thee, churlish priest,

A minist'ring angel shall my sister be

When thou liest howling.

HAMLET, [to Horatio]  What, the fair Ophelia?

QUEEN  Sweets to the sweet, farewell!

[She scatters flowers.]

I hoped thou shouldst have been my Hamlet's wife;

I thought thy bride-bed to have decked, sweet maid,

And not have strewed thy grave.

LAERTES  O, treble woe

Fall ten times treble on that cursed head

Whose wicked deed thy most ingenious sense

Deprived thee of!--Hold off the earth awhile,

Till I have caught her once more in mine arms.

[Leaps in the grave.]

Now pile your dust upon the quick and dead,

Till of this flat a mountain you have made

T' o'ertop old Pelion or the skyish head

Of blue Olympus.

HAMLET, [advancing]

What is he whose grief

Bears such an emphasis, whose phrase of sorrow

Conjures the wand'ring stars and makes them stand

Like wonder-wounded hearers? This is I,

Hamlet the Dane.

LAERTES, [coming out of the grave]

The devil take thy soul!

HAMLET  Thou pray'st not well. [They grapple.]

I prithee take thy fingers from my throat,

For though I am not splenitive and rash,

Yet have I in me something dangerous,

Which let thy wisdom fear. Hold off thy hand.

KING  Pluck them asunder.

QUEEN  Hamlet! Hamlet!

ALL  Gentlemen!

HORATIO  Good my lord, be quiet.

[Hamlet and Laertes are separated.]

HAMLET

Why, I will fight with him upon this theme

Until my eyelids will no longer wag!

QUEEN  O my son, what theme?

HAMLET

I loved Ophelia. Forty thousand brothers

Could not with all their quantity of love

Make up my sum. What wilt thou do for her?

KING  O, he is mad, Laertes!

QUEEN  For love of God, forbear him.

HAMLET  'Swounds, show me what thou 't do.

Woo't weep, woo't fight, woo't fast, woo't tear

thyself,

Woo't drink up eisel, eat a crocodile?

I'll do 't. Dost thou come here to whine?

To outface me with leaping in her grave?

Be buried quick with her, and so will I.

And if thou prate of mountains, let them throw

Millions of acres on us, till our ground,

Singeing his pate against the burning zone,

Make Ossa like a wart. Nay, an thou 'lt mouth,

I'll rant as well as thou.

QUEEN  This is mere madness;

And thus awhile the fit will work on him.

Anon, as patient as the female dove

When that her golden couplets are disclosed,

His silence will sit drooping.

HAMLET  Hear you, sir,

What is the reason that you use me thus?

I loved you ever. But it is no matter.

Let Hercules himself do what he may,

The cat will mew, and dog will have his day.

[Hamlet exits.]

KING

I pray thee, good Horatio, wait upon him.

[Horatio exits.]

[To Laertes.] Strengthen your patience in our last

night's speech.

We'll put the matter to the present push.--

Good Gertrude, set some watch over your son.--

This grave shall have a living monument.

An hour of quiet thereby shall we see.

Till then in patience our proceeding be.

[They exit.]

Scene 2

=======

[Enter Hamlet and Horatio.]

HAMLET

So much for this, sir. Now shall you see the other.

You do remember all the circumstance?

HORATIO  Remember it, my lord!

HAMLET

Sir, in my heart there was a kind of fighting

That would not let me sleep. Methought I lay

Worse than the mutines in the bilboes. Rashly--

And praised be rashness for it; let us know,

Our indiscretion sometime serves us well

When our deep plots do pall; and that should learn

us

There's a divinity that shapes our ends,

Rough-hew them how we will--

HORATIO  That is most

certain.

HAMLET  Up from my cabin,

My sea-gown scarfed about me, in the dark

Groped I to find out them; had my desire,

Fingered their packet, and in fine withdrew

To mine own room again, making so bold

(My fears forgetting manners) to unfold

Their grand commission; where I found, Horatio,

A royal knavery--an exact command,

Larded with many several sorts of reasons

Importing Denmark's health and England's too,

With--ho!--such bugs and goblins in my life,

That on the supervise, no leisure bated,

No, not to stay the grinding of the ax,

My head should be struck off.

HORATIO  Is 't possible?

HAMLET

Here's the commission. Read it at more leisure.

[Handing him a paper.]

But wilt thou hear now how I did proceed?

HORATIO  I beseech you.

HAMLET

Being thus benetted round with villainies,

Or I could make a prologue to my brains,

They had begun the play. I sat me down,

Devised a new commission, wrote it fair--

I once did hold it, as our statists do,

A baseness to write fair, and labored much

How to forget that learning; but, sir, now

It did me yeoman's service. Wilt thou know

Th' effect of what I wrote?

HORATIO  Ay, good my lord.

HAMLET

An earnest conjuration from the King,

As England was his faithful tributary,

As love between them like the palm might flourish,

As peace should still her wheaten garland wear

And stand a comma 'tween their amities,

And many suchlike ases of great charge,

That, on the view and knowing of these contents,

Without debatement further, more or less,

He should those bearers put to sudden death,

Not shriving time allowed.

HORATIO  How was this sealed?

HAMLET

Why, even in that was heaven ordinant.

I had my father's signet in my purse,

Which was the model of that Danish seal;

Folded the writ up in the form of th' other,

Subscribed it, gave 't th' impression, placed it

safely,

The changeling never known. Now, the next day

Was our sea-fight; and what to this was sequent

Thou knowest already.

HORATIO

So Guildenstern and Rosencrantz go to 't.

HAMLET

Why, man, they did make love to this employment.

They are not near my conscience. Their defeat

Does by their own insinuation grow.

'Tis dangerous when the baser nature comes

Between the pass and fell incensed points

Of mighty opposites.

HORATIO  Why, what a king is this!

HAMLET

Does it not, think thee, stand me now upon--

He that hath killed my king and whored my mother,

Popped in between th' election and my hopes,

Thrown out his angle for my proper life,

And with such cozenage--is 't not perfect

conscience

To quit him with this arm? And is 't not to be

damned

To let this canker of our nature come

In further evil?

HORATIO

It must be shortly known to him from England

What is the issue of the business there.

HAMLET

It will be short. The interim's mine,

And a man's life's no more than to say "one."

But I am very sorry, good Horatio,

That to Laertes I forgot myself,

For by the image of my cause I see

The portraiture of his. I'll court his favors.

But, sure, the bravery of his grief did put me

Into a tow'ring passion.

HORATIO  Peace, who comes here?

[Enter Osric, a courtier.]

OSRIC  Your Lordship is right welcome back to

Denmark.

HAMLET  I humbly thank you, sir. [Aside to Horatio.]

Dost know this waterfly?

HORATIO, [aside to Hamlet]  No, my good lord.

HAMLET, [aside to Horatio]  Thy state is the more gracious,

for 'tis a vice to know him. He hath much

land, and fertile. Let a beast be lord of beasts and his

crib shall stand at the king's mess. 'Tis a chough,

but, as I say, spacious in the possession of dirt.

OSRIC  Sweet lord, if your Lordship were at leisure, I

should impart a thing to you from his Majesty.

HAMLET  I will receive it, sir, with all diligence of

spirit. Put your bonnet to his right use: 'tis for the

head.

OSRIC  I thank your Lordship; it is very hot.

HAMLET  No, believe me, 'tis very cold; the wind is

northerly.

OSRIC  It is indifferent cold, my lord, indeed.

HAMLET  But yet methinks it is very sultry and hot for

my complexion.

OSRIC  Exceedingly, my lord; it is very sultry, as

'twere--I cannot tell how. My lord, his Majesty

bade me signify to you that he has laid a great wager

on your head. Sir, this is the matter--

HAMLET  I beseech you, remember. [He motions to

Osric to put on his hat.]

OSRIC  Nay, good my lord, for my ease, in good faith.

Sir, here is newly come to court Laertes--believe

me, an absolute gentleman, full of most excellent

differences, of very soft society and great showing.

Indeed, to speak feelingly of him, he is the card or

calendar of gentry, for you shall find in him the

continent of what part a gentleman would see.

HAMLET  Sir, his definement suffers no perdition in

you, though I know to divide him inventorially

would dozy th' arithmetic of memory, and yet but

yaw neither, in respect of his quick sail. But, in the

verity of extolment, I take him to be a soul of great

article, and his infusion of such dearth and rareness

as, to make true diction of him, his semblable is his

mirror, and who else would trace him, his umbrage,

nothing more.

OSRIC  Your Lordship speaks most infallibly of him.

HAMLET  The concernancy, sir? Why do we wrap the

gentleman in our more rawer breath?

OSRIC  Sir?

HORATIO  Is 't not possible to understand in another

tongue? You will to 't, sir, really.

HAMLET, [to Osric]  What imports the nomination of

this gentleman?

OSRIC  Of Laertes?

HORATIO  His purse is empty already; all 's golden words

are spent.

HAMLET  Of him, sir.

OSRIC  I know you are not ignorant--

HAMLET  I would you did, sir. Yet, in faith, if you did, it

would not much approve me. Well, sir?

OSRIC  You are not ignorant of what excellence Laertes

is--

HAMLET  I dare not confess that, lest I should compare

with him in excellence. But to know a man well

were to know himself.

OSRIC  I mean, sir, for his weapon. But in the imputation

laid on him by them, in his meed he's

unfellowed.

HAMLET  What's his weapon?

OSRIC  Rapier and dagger.

HAMLET  That's two of his weapons. But, well--

OSRIC  The King, sir, hath wagered with him six Barbary

horses, against the which he has impawned, as I

take it, six French rapiers and poniards, with their

assigns, as girdle, hangers, and so. Three of the

carriages, in faith, are very dear to fancy, very

responsive to the hilts, most delicate carriages, and

of very liberal conceit.

HAMLET  What call you the "carriages"?

HORATIO  I knew you must be edified by the margent

ere you had done.

OSRIC  The carriages, sir, are the hangers.

HAMLET  The phrase would be more germane to the

matter if we could carry a cannon by our sides. I

would it might be "hangers" till then. But on. Six

Barbary horses against six French swords, their

assigns, and three liberal-conceited carriages--

that's the French bet against the Danish. Why is this

all "impawned," as you call it?

OSRIC  The King, sir, hath laid, sir, that in a dozen

passes between yourself and him, he shall not

exceed you three hits. He hath laid on twelve for

nine, and it would come to immediate trial if your

Lordship would vouchsafe the answer.

HAMLET  How if I answer no?

OSRIC  I mean, my lord, the opposition of your person

in trial.

HAMLET  Sir, I will walk here in the hall. If it please his

Majesty, it is the breathing time of day with me. Let

the foils be brought, the gentleman willing, and the

King hold his purpose, I will win for him, an I can.

If not, I will gain nothing but my shame and the odd

hits.

OSRIC  Shall I deliver you e'en so?

HAMLET  To this effect, sir, after what flourish your

nature will.

OSRIC  I commend my duty to your Lordship.

HAMLET  Yours. [Osric exits.] He does well to commend

it himself. There are no tongues else for 's

turn.

HORATIO  This lapwing runs away with the shell on his

head.

HAMLET  He did comply, sir, with his dug before he

sucked it. Thus has he (and many more of the same

breed that I know the drossy age dotes on) only got

the tune of the time, and, out of an habit of

encounter, a kind of yeasty collection, which carries

them through and through the most fanned

and winnowed opinions; and do but blow them to

their trial, the bubbles are out.

[Enter a Lord.]

LORD  My lord, his Majesty commended him to you by

young Osric, who brings back to him that you

attend him in the hall. He sends to know if your

pleasure hold to play with Laertes, or that you will

take longer time.

HAMLET  I am constant to my purposes. They follow

the King's pleasure. If his fitness speaks, mine is

ready now or whensoever, provided I be so able as

now.

LORD  The King and Queen and all are coming down.

HAMLET  In happy time.

LORD  The Queen desires you to use some gentle

entertainment to Laertes before you fall to play.

HAMLET  She well instructs me. [Lord exits.]

HORATIO  You will lose, my lord.

HAMLET  I do not think so. Since he went into France, I

have been in continual practice. I shall win at the

odds; but thou wouldst not think how ill all's here

about my heart. But it is no matter.

HORATIO  Nay, good my lord--

HAMLET  It is but foolery, but it is such a kind of

gaingiving as would perhaps trouble a woman.

HORATIO  If your mind dislike anything, obey it. I will

forestall their repair hither and say you are not fit.

HAMLET  Not a whit. We defy augury. There is a

special providence in the fall of a sparrow. If it be

now, 'tis not to come; if it be not to come, it will be

now; if it be not now, yet it will come. The

readiness is all. Since no man of aught he leaves

knows, what is 't to leave betimes? Let be.

[A table prepared. Enter Trumpets, Drums, and Officers

with cushions, King, Queen, Osric, and all the state,

foils, daggers, flagons of wine, and Laertes.]

KING

Come, Hamlet, come and take this hand from me.

[He puts Laertes' hand into Hamlet's.]

HAMLET, [to Laertes]

Give me your pardon, sir. I have done you wrong;

But pardon 't as you are a gentleman. This presence

knows,

And you must needs have heard, how I am punished

With a sore distraction. What I have done

That might your nature, honor, and exception

Roughly awake, I here proclaim was madness.

Was 't Hamlet wronged Laertes? Never Hamlet.

If Hamlet from himself be ta'en away,

And when he's not himself does wrong Laertes,

Then Hamlet does it not; Hamlet denies it.

Who does it, then? His madness. If 't be so,

Hamlet is of the faction that is wronged;

His madness is poor Hamlet's enemy.

Sir, in this audience

Let my disclaiming from a purposed evil

Free me so far in your most generous thoughts

That I have shot my arrow o'er the house

And hurt my brother.

LAERTES  I am satisfied in nature,

Whose motive in this case should stir me most

To my revenge; but in my terms of honor

I stand aloof and will no reconcilement

Till by some elder masters of known honor

I have a voice and precedent of peace

To keep my name ungored. But till that time

I do receive your offered love like love

And will not wrong it.

HAMLET  I embrace it freely

And will this brothers' wager frankly play.--

Give us the foils. Come on.

LAERTES  Come, one for me.

HAMLET

I'll be your foil, Laertes; in mine ignorance

Your skill shall, like a star i' th' darkest night,

Stick fiery off indeed.

LAERTES  You mock me, sir.

HAMLET  No, by this hand.

KING

Give them the foils, young Osric. Cousin Hamlet,

You know the wager?

HAMLET  Very well, my lord.

Your Grace has laid the odds o' th' weaker side.

KING

I do not fear it; I have seen you both.

But, since he is better, we have therefore odds.

LAERTES

This is too heavy. Let me see another.

HAMLET

This likes me well. These foils have all a length?

OSRIC  Ay, my good lord.

[Prepare to play.]

KING

Set me the stoups of wine upon that table.--

If Hamlet give the first or second hit

Or quit in answer of the third exchange,

Let all the battlements their ordnance fire.

The King shall drink to Hamlet's better breath,

And in the cup an union shall he throw,

Richer than that which four successive kings

In Denmark's crown have worn. Give me the cups,

And let the kettle to the trumpet speak,

The trumpet to the cannoneer without,

The cannons to the heavens, the heaven to earth,

"Now the King drinks to Hamlet." Come, begin.

And you, the judges, bear a wary eye.

[Trumpets the while.]

HAMLET  Come on, sir.

LAERTES  Come, my lord. [They play.]

HAMLET  One.

LAERTES  No.

HAMLET  Judgment!

OSRIC  A hit, a very palpable hit.

LAERTES  Well, again.

KING

Stay, give me drink.--Hamlet, this pearl is thine.

Here's to thy health.

[He drinks and then drops the pearl in the cup.]

[Drum, trumpets, and shot.]

Give him the cup.

HAMLET

I'll play this bout first. Set it by awhile.

Come. [They play.] Another hit. What say you?

LAERTES

A touch, a touch. I do confess 't.

KING

Our son shall win.

QUEEN  He's fat and scant of breath.--

Here, Hamlet, take my napkin; rub thy brows.

The Queen carouses to thy fortune, Hamlet.

[She lifts the cup.]

HAMLET  Good madam.

KING  Gertrude, do not drink.

QUEEN

I will, my lord; I pray you pardon me. [She drinks.]

KING, [aside]

It is the poisoned cup. It is too late.

HAMLET

I dare not drink yet, madam--by and by.

QUEEN  Come, let me wipe thy face.

LAERTES, [to Claudius]

My lord, I'll hit him now.

KING  I do not think 't.

LAERTES, [aside]

And yet it is almost against my conscience.

HAMLET

Come, for the third, Laertes. You do but dally.

I pray you pass with your best violence.

I am afeard you make a wanton of me.

LAERTES  Say you so? Come on. [Play.]

OSRIC  Nothing neither way.

LAERTES  Have at you now!

[Laertes wounds Hamlet. Then in scuffling they change

rapiers, and Hamlet wounds Laertes.]

KING  Part them. They are incensed.

HAMLET  Nay, come again.

[The Queen falls.]

OSRIC  Look to the Queen there, ho!

HORATIO

They bleed on both sides.--How is it, my lord?

OSRIC  How is 't, Laertes?

LAERTES

Why as a woodcock to mine own springe, Osric.

[He falls.]

I am justly killed with mine own treachery.

HAMLET

How does the Queen?

KING  She swoons to see them bleed.

QUEEN

No, no, the drink, the drink! O, my dear Hamlet!

The drink, the drink! I am poisoned. [She dies.]

HAMLET

O villainy! Ho! Let the door be locked. [Osric exits.]

Treachery! Seek it out.

LAERTES

It is here, Hamlet. Hamlet, thou art slain.

No med'cine in the world can do thee good.

In thee there is not half an hour's life.

The treacherous instrument is in thy hand,

Unbated and envenomed. The foul practice

Hath turned itself on me. Lo, here I lie,

Never to rise again. Thy mother's poisoned.

I can no more. The King, the King's to blame.

HAMLET

The point envenomed too! Then, venom, to thy

work. [Hurts the King.]

ALL  Treason, treason!

KING

O, yet defend me, friends! I am but hurt.

HAMLET

Here, thou incestuous, murd'rous, damned Dane,

Drink off this potion. Is thy union here?

[Forcing him to drink the poison.]

Follow my mother. [King dies.]

LAERTES  He is justly served.

It is a poison tempered by himself.

Exchange forgiveness with me, noble Hamlet.

Mine and my father's death come not upon thee,

Nor thine on me. [Dies.]

HAMLET

Heaven make thee free of it. I follow thee.--

I am dead, Horatio.--Wretched queen, adieu.--

You that look pale and tremble at this chance,

That are but mutes or audience to this act,

Had I but time (as this fell sergeant, Death,

Is strict in his arrest), O, I could tell you--

But let it be.--Horatio, I am dead.

Thou livest; report me and my cause aright

To the unsatisfied.

HORATIO  Never believe it.

I am more an antique Roman than a Dane.

Here's yet some liquor left. [He picks up the cup.]

HAMLET  As thou 'rt a man,

Give me the cup. Let go! By heaven, I'll ha 't.

O God, Horatio, what a wounded name,

Things standing thus unknown, shall I leave behind

me!

If thou didst ever hold me in thy heart,

Absent thee from felicity awhile

And in this harsh world draw thy breath in pain

To tell my story.

[A march afar off and shot within.]

What warlike noise is this?

[Enter Osric.]

OSRIC

Young Fortinbras, with conquest come from Poland,

To th' ambassadors of England gives

This warlike volley.

HAMLET  O, I die, Horatio!

The potent poison quite o'ercrows my spirit.

I cannot live to hear the news from England.

But I do prophesy th' election lights

On Fortinbras; he has my dying voice.

So tell him, with th' occurrents, more and less,

Which have solicited--the rest is silence.

O, O, O, O! [Dies.]

HORATIO

Now cracks a noble heart. Good night, sweet prince,

And flights of angels sing thee to thy rest.

[March within.]

Why does the drum come hither?

[Enter Fortinbras with the English Ambassadors with

Drum, Colors, and Attendants.]

FORTINBRAS  Where is this sight?

HORATIO  What is it you would see?

If aught of woe or wonder, cease your search.

FORTINBRAS

This quarry cries on havoc. O proud Death,

What feast is toward in thine eternal cell

That thou so many princes at a shot

So bloodily hast struck?

AMBASSADOR  The sight is dismal,

And our affairs from England come too late.

The ears are senseless that should give us hearing

To tell him his commandment is fulfilled,

That Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are dead.

Where should we have our thanks?

HORATIO  Not from his

mouth,

Had it th' ability of life to thank you.

He never gave commandment for their death.

But since, so jump upon this bloody question,

You from the Polack wars, and you from England,

Are here arrived, give order that these bodies

High on a stage be placed to the view,

And let me speak to th' yet unknowing world

How these things came about. So shall you hear

Of carnal, bloody, and unnatural acts,

Of accidental judgments, casual slaughters,

Of deaths put on by cunning and forced cause,

And, in this upshot, purposes mistook

Fall'n on th' inventors' heads. All this can I

Truly deliver.

FORTINBRAS  Let us haste to hear it

And call the noblest to the audience.

For me, with sorrow I embrace my fortune.

I have some rights of memory in this kingdom,

Which now to claim my vantage doth invite me.

HORATIO

Of that I shall have also cause to speak,

And from his mouth whose voice will draw on

more.

But let this same be presently performed

Even while men's minds are wild, lest more

mischance

On plots and errors happen.

FORTINBRAS  Let four captains

Bear Hamlet like a soldier to the stage,

For he was likely, had he been put on,

To have proved most royal; and for his passage,

The soldier's music and the rite of war

Speak loudly for him.

Take up the bodies. Such a sight as this

Becomes the field but here shows much amiss.

Go, bid the soldiers shoot.

[They exit, marching, after the which, a peal of

ordnance are shot off.]